Timeline of Stockholm history
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This is a timeline for the history of Stockholm.
Contents |
[edit] Pre-history
- 750-790: The trade centre Birka is established on Lake Mälaren not far from Stockholm.[2]
- c. 975: Birka is abandoned.[2]
- c. 1000: Sigtuna emerges as the city dominating the Lake Mälaren region.[2]
- 1247: Battle of Sparrsätra Birger Magnusson defeats the "true Folkungs".[3]
- 1248: Birger becomes jarl.[3]
- 1250: Birger initiates a "crusade" against the "tavasts".[3]
- 1251: Battle of Herrevadsbro where Birger eliminates the "true Folkungs".[3]
[edit] Middle Ages
- 1252: First historical mentioning of Stockholm.[3]
- 1266: Birger dies and is buried at Varnhem's church.[3]
- 1269: First known political confrontation in Stockholm.[3]
- 1275: Magnus Ladulås becomes king.[3]
- 1279: Storkyrkan is first mentioned.[3]
- 1280: A political meeting at Adelsö results in the establishment of Swedish nobility.[3]
- 1281: The seal of Stockholm is first mentioned.[3]
- 1285: Magnus decrees he wishes to be buried in Stockholm.[3]
- 1289: In a decree, Magnus grants citizens settling near St Clare's monastery on Norrmalm the same rights as citizens within the city walls (which also gets mentioned for the first time), resulting in the first expansion beyond the central island Stadsholmen.[3]
- 1289: In a letter to the Pope, Stockholm is described as having become "more populous than any other city in our country in a few years".[3]
- 1290: Magnus dies, his son Birger becomes king.[3]
- 1292: Magnus is buried in the Greyfriars church.[3]
- 1293: Under Torkel Knutsson, a crusade is launched aiming at the Vyborg Bay.[3]
- 1350: The Black Death enters the city
- 1388: The city is given full city rights, as ratified by king Albert of Mecklenburg
- 1392: Forces of the Danish Queen Margaret besieged the city
- 1392: Privateers named Victual Brothers supplied the besieged city with food
- 1419: Stockholm becomes the capital of Sweden
- 1471: The Battle of Brunkeberg is won by Sten Sture the elder, and the Danish are ousted.
- 1520: The Stockholm bloodbath is perpetrated by Christian II of Denmark
- 1521: Gustav Vasa marches into Stockholm
[edit] Swedish Empire
- 1602: Norrmalm is made an autonomous city.[4]
- 1611: Gustavus II Adolphus becomes king.[4]
- 1622: First preserved map of Stockholm dates from this year
- 1625: A devastating fire destroys the south-western part of Stadsholmen. A city plan for the area is produced the following year.[4]
- 1630: Gustavus enters the Thirty Years' War.[4]
- 1632: Gustavus dies at the Battle of Lützen.[4]
- 1632-1644: Regency of Queen Christina lead by Axel Oxenstierna.[4]
- 1634: An Instrument of Government establishes the first Office of the Over-Governor of Stockholm (Överståthållarämbetet).[4]
- 1635: Norrmalm is unified with Stockholm.[4]
- 1636: An important reform renders the management of the city more efficient. Anders Torstensson begins working in Stockholm.[4]
- 1637: Regulation of Norrmalm begins.[4] The first public theatre, Björngårdsteatern, opens.
- 1639-40: Parts of Ladugårdslandet is donated to the city.[4]
- 1640: Eastern part of Norrmalm is destroyed by fire. A city plan is quickly set up for the district.[4]
- 1642: Regulation begins on Södermalm. A decision is taken to transfer Munklägret to the city.[4]
- 1644: Eastern half of Kungsholmen is donated to the city.[4]
- 1648: Peace of Westphalia grants Sweden considerable territories in the southern Baltic region.[4]
- 1654: Queen Christina abdicates. Charles X of Sweden becomes king.[4]
- 1665: Jean de la Vallée produces a plan for a street stretching from Gustav Adolfs Torg to Hagaparken (Sveavägen).[4]
- 1661: Nicodemus Tessin the Elder becomes City Architect.[4]
- 1667: The theatre of Bollhuset opens; first a court theatre, it becomes Public from the 1680s.
- 1697: The Royal Castle is dstroyed in a fire.[4]
- 1710: The last plague reach the city.
[edit] Age of Liberty
- 1719: The city narrowly escape Russian invasion.
- 1737: The first national stage of founded in the theatre of Bollhuset.
[edit] The Gustavian Era
- 1773 : Foundation of Royal Swedish Opera.
- 1788 : Foundation of the Royal Dramatic Theatre.
[edit] Industrial Era
- 1806: The steam engine is introduced in Stockholm at the Eldkvarn gristmill.[5]
- 1846: Adolf Eugene von Rosen and Georg Theodor Policron von Chiewitz proposes a regulation of Gamla stan.[6]
- 1857: A regulation of Gamla stan is proposed by A. E. Schuldheis and discussed in the parliament. Gets rejected two years later.[6]
- 1860: A.E. Schwabitz and A.E. Rudberg produces a proposal for the regulation of Gamla stan.[6]
- 1861: A decision is taken to construct Strandvägen.[6]
- 1862: Rudberg publishes a minor revision of his proposal. A new administrative reform comes into effect.[6]
- 1863-1864: Rudberg and Gillis Bildt develop a city plan for Stockholm. Albert Lindhagen is appointed head of a commission to examine the plan the following year, only to produce a plan of his own in 1866. The plan, published in 1867, results in no actions.[6]
- 1871: Stockholm Central Station is inaugurated.[5]
- 1874-80: Various plans for different districts are discussed. Three are accepted by the king.
[edit] Modern history
- 1927: Albert Lilienberg is appointed "city-planning superintendent" (stadsplanedirektör). He presents a plan for the regulation of "densely populated districts" the following year.[7]
- 1932-33: International contest for a city plan for the southern part of Norrmalm.[7]
- 1936: Lilienberg's plan is rejected by the Stockholm City Council. Paul Hedqvist presents an alternative plan corresponding to today's reality.[7]
- 1945: A decision to elongate Sveavägen down to its present end at Sergels Torg.[7]
- 1946: A plan for Norrmalm similar to today's Sergels Torg is presented by Sven Markelius and David Helldén but is ignored by the city council.[7]
- 1951-1952: A new plan is passed and demolition works for the Stockholm Metro begin.[7]
- 1960: Final proposal for Sergels Torg is accepted by the council.[7]
- 1962 and 1967: Revised plans enlarging earlier demolition plans are presented and accepted.[7]
- 1971: The tree-hugger campaign Almstriden in Kungsträdgården.[7]
- 1973: The Norrmalmstorg robbery hostage crisis occurred at Norrmalmstorg, eventually giving birth the term Stockholm syndrome.
- 1975: New plan cancels all earlier plans to rebuild central Stockholm.[7]
- 1982: The European Court passes a sentence over the expropriations in connection to the destruction of southern Norrmalm, making Sweden the first Nordic country to be sentenced for offending human rights.[7]
- 1986: Prime minister Olof Palme is assassinated on Sveavägen.
- 2003: Minister for Foreign Affairs Anna Lindh is assassinated at the NK department store.
[edit] Historical population
| Year | Inhabitants[8] |
|---|---|
| 1252 | 100 |
| 1289 | 3,000 |
| 1460 | 6,000 |
| 1500 | 7,000 |
| 1523 | 3,000 |
| 1582 | 9,000 |
| 1650 | 30,000 |
| 1685 | 60,000 |
| 1700 | 40,000 |
| 1750 | 58,400 |
| 1800 | 75,800 |
| 1850 | 93,000 |
| 1875 | 145,000 |
| 1900 | 300,500 |
| 1925 | 442,500 |
| 1950 | 744,500 |
| 1960 | 808,600 |
| 1970 | 744,900 |
| 1980 | 647,200 |
| 1990 | 674,500 |
| 2000 | 750,300 |
| 2004 | 765,000 |
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Hall, p 21
- ^ a b c Hall, pp 13-16
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Hall, p 49.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Hall, p 97.
- ^ a b Andersson, Stockholms årsringar, pp 49-56
- ^ a b c d e f Hall, p 125.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hall, pp 211-212.
- ^ Rapporten befolkningen i Stockholm 1252-2005 (4,2 Mb) (Swedish) 55. Utrednings- och Statistikkontoret. Retrieved on 2008-02-29.
[edit] References
- Hall, Thomas (1999). Huvudstad i omvandling - Stockholms planering och utbyggnad under 700 år (in Swedish). Stockholm: Sveriges Radios förlag. ISBN 91-522-1810-4.
- Andersson, Magnus (1997). Stockholms årsringar - En inblick i stadens framväxt (in Swedish). Stockholmia förlag. ISBN 91-7031-068-8.
