Timeline of Pakistani history
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[edit] BCE
- 2,000,000 BCE: In Riwat, dating at this period, stones implementations (tools) have been found at the site, proposing a possibility of earlier homo erectus existence[1]
- 1,600,000 BCE: A stone artefact is discovered in Riwat, dated to this period
- 500,000 BCE: Some of the earliest relics of Stone Age man have been found in the Soan Valley of the Potohar region near Rawalpindi, dating back to 500,000 BCE
- 9000 BCE - 5500 BCE: Mehrgarh Period I
- 5500 BCE - 4800 BCE: Mehrgarh Period II
- 4800 BCE - 3500 BCE: Mehrgarh Period III
- 3500 BCE - 2800 BCE: Mehrgarh Periods IV to VI
- 2800 BCE - 2000 BCE: Mehrgarh Period VII
- 2800 BCE - 2500 BCE: Early Harappan / Kot Diji Phase
- 2500 BCE - 1900 BCE: Harappan Phase; Flourishment of Indus Valley Civilizationat urban centres, Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa
- 1900 BCE - 1300 BCE: Late Harappan Phase (Cemetery H Culture)
- 1700 BCE - 0600 BCE: Start of the Aryan civilization in Sapta Sindhu, Punjab and of Indus culture, Rigvedic civilization
- 1500 BCE: Earliest rhymes of Rg-Veda were written in the Indus Valley (Pakistan)
- 500 BCE: Gandhara civilization (500 BCE to 500 ACE)
- 516 BCE: North Pakistan becomes easternmost province of Achaemenid Empire of Persia. Gandharais semi-independent kingdom
- 600 BCE: Beginning of historic period under Achaemenians; Sindh & Punjab as provinces of the empire of Darius I of Persia
- 327 BCE - 325 BCE: Alexander of Macedonia invades Pakistan and captures Taxila
- 326 BCE: Porus, the king of Punjab, fought the battle of the Hydaspes River against the Macedonian king Alexander.
- 325 BCE: During the siege of the capital of the Mallians (modern Multan), Alexander was seriously wounded by an arrow in the chest, later he died of that wound
- 300 BCE: Mauryan empire, Ashoka promotes Buddhism
- 185 BCE: Bactrian Greeks conquer North-West Pakistan
- 75 BCE: Arrival of Scythians (Sakas) from central Asia
[edit] CE
- 20: Parthians conquer Northern Pakistan
- 60: Kushans from central Asia overthrow Parthians
- 3rd Century: Kushans decline and are dominated by Sassanian empire of Persia
- 4th Century: Kidar (little) Kushans come to power
- 450: White Huns (Hephthalites) attacked Gandhara, sacked its cities and burnt down its many monasteries and centres of learning
- 565: Sassanians and Turks overthrow Huns
- Late 6th –7th Century: Turki Shahi control area West of Indus, including Gandhara
- 711 - 712: Muhammad bin Qasim conquers Sindh and Southern Punjab
- 870 - 1026: Hindu Shahi ruled from Multan to Kabul
- 1001: Mahmud Ghazni defeats the Hindu Shahi king Jayapala (A Janjua Rajput) near Peshawar
- 1021: Mahmud Ghazni defeats Tarnochalpal and annexes Punjab
- 1058: Sumra Dynasty(1058-1351) ends the Arab domination and establishes its own rule over Sindh.
- 1148 - 1206: Ghaurids Period
- 1206: A body of Gakhars assassinated Muhammad Ghori during a a raid on his camp on the Jhelum River
- 1221: Mongol Genghis Khan invades Punjab
- 1351: Samma Dynasty assumed rule over Sindh
- 1398: Tamerlane plunders Lahore
- 1472: Sher Shah Suri (original name Farid Khan] born in Multan
- 1526 - 1857: Mughal ascendancy (1526-1707), nominal rule by Mughals (1707-1857)
- 1541 - 1543: Sher Shah Suri built the Rohtas Fort
- 1586: Yusufzais defeat Akbar in the Karakar pass
- 1701: Kalhoro Dynasty establishes its rule over Sindh
- 1739: Nadir Shah of Persia invades subcontinent
- 1751-52: Ahmed Shah Abdali annexes Punjab to his kingdom
- 1782: Talpur Balochs defeat the last Kalhora ruler Mian Abdul Nabi in the battle of Halani
- 1801 - 1849: Sikhs become dominant force in Punjab, Ranjit Singh rules (1799-1839),
- 1843: British defeat Talpurs in the battle of Miani and annex Sindh
- 1849: British defeat Sikhs and annex Punjab
- November 1, 1857 The British control most present-day Pakistan region and incorporate it as part of the British Indian Empire.
- 1935: A strong earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 jolted Quetta killing over 50,000 people
- 1947: Pakistan gains independence
[edit] Post-Independence Era
- 1948: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the first governor general of Pakistan, dies
- 1951: Prime minister Khan Liaqat Ali Khan assassinated
- 1956: The Constituent Assembly promulgates first indigenous constitution
- 1958: After a military coup Ayub Khan takes over
- 1960: Ayub Khan becomes first elected president
- 1965: Second war between Pakistan and India over Kashmir
- 1969: Ayub Khan resigns; Yahya Khan declares martial law and assumes presidency
- 1971: East Pakistan attempts to secede, leading to civil war; India intervenes in support of East Pakistan; Pakistan fights another war with India; East Pakistan breaks away to become Bangladesh; Yahya Khan resigns.
- 1973: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes prime minister
- 1977: General Muhammad Zia ul-Haq overthrows prime minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and declares martial law
- 1978: General Muhammad Zia ul-Haq becomes Pakistan's sixth president
- 1979: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged
- 1979: The military ruler Zia Ul-Haq enacts the controversial Hudood Ordinances
- 1985: General elections held; Muhammad Khan Junejo becomes prime minister
- 1988: Zia dismisses Junejo's government; Zia dies in a plan crash; New elections held; Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto becomes prime minister
- 1988: Prominent Pashtun leadar Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan dies in Peshawar
- 1990: President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismisses Benazir Bhutto government; Mian Nawaz Sharif becomes the next prime minister
- 1991: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif begins economic liberalisation programme. Islamic Shariah law formally incorporated into legal code.
- 1993: President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif both resign under pressure from military. Benazir Bhutto becomes prime minister for the second time
- 1996: President Farooq Leghari dismisses Bhutto government
- 1997: General elections held; Nawaz Sharif becomes prime minister for the second time
- 1998: Pakistan conducts nuclear tests
- 1999: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif overthrown in military coup led by General Pervez Musharraf
- 2001: General Pervez Musharraf dismissed the president and named himself to the post.
- 2002: General Pervez Musharraf wins a referendum thus ensures 5 more years in office
- 2002: First general elections since the 1999 military coup held; Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali becomes the next prime minister
- 2004: Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali resigns from office
- 2004: Shaukat Aziz is sworn in as prime minister
- 2005: A 7.5 magnitude earthquake kills an estimated 80,000 people in northern Pakistan. (see:2005 Pakistan earthquake)
- 2006: Pakistan army kills the prominent Baloch leader Nawab Akbar khan Bugti
- 2007: Chief Justice of Pakistan removed from office and reinstated. 2007 Karachi Riots. Lal Masjid Operation
- 2007: President Pervez Musharraf declares a 2007 Pakistani state of emergency and later removes it after domestic and international pressure
- 2007: Pakistani former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto assassinated
- 2008: Elections in Pakistan, results in new government to be formed in center and provinces. For the first time in Pakistan's history, same coalition manages to form governments in all four provinces and at the center.
