time_t

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The time_t datatype is a data type in the ISO C library defined for storing system time values. Such values are returned from the standard time() library function. This type is a typedef defined in the standard <time.h> header. ISO C defines time_t as an arithmetic type, but does not specify any particular type, range, resolution, or encoding for it. Also unspecified are the meanings of arithmetic operations applied to time values.

Unix and POSIX-compliant systems implement the time_t type as a signed integer (typically 32 or 64 bits wide) which represents the number of seconds since the start of the Unix epoch: midnight UTC of January 1, 1970 (not counting leap seconds). Some systems support negative time values, while others do not. 32 bit time_t is deprecated, due to the Year 2038 problem.^[1]

In addition to the time() function, ISO C also specifies other functions and types for converting time_t system time values into calendar times and vice versa.

1 Example
2 time_t parties
3 See also
4 References

[edit] Example

The following C code retrieves the current time, formats it as a string, and writes it to the standard output.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    time_t     now;
    struct tm  *ts;
    char       buf[80];
 
    // Get the current time
    time(&now);
 
    // Format and print the time, "ddd yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss zzz"
    ts = localtime(&now);
    strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%a %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z", ts);
    printf("%s\n", buf);
 
    return 0;
}

[edit] time_t parties

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Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2007)

Unix enthusiasts have a history of holding time_t parties to celebrate significant values of the Unix time number.^[2] These are directly analogous to the new year celebrations that occur at the change of year in many calendars. As the use of Unix time has spread, so has the practice of celebrating its milestones. Usually it is time values that are round numbers in decimal that are celebrated, following the Unix convention of viewing time_t values in decimal. Among some groups round binary numbers are also celebrated, such as +2³⁰ which occurred at 13:37:04 UTC on January 10, 2004.

The events that these celebrate are typically described as "N seconds since the Unix epoch", but this is inaccurate. As discussed above, due to the handling of leap seconds in Unix time, the number of seconds elapsed since the Unix epoch is slightly greater than the Unix time number, for times later than the epoch.

At 01:46:40 UTC on September 9, 2001, the Unix billennium (Unix time number 1000000000) was celebrated.

At 01:58:31 UTC on March 18, 2005, the Unix time number reached 1111111111.

At 23:31:30 UTC on February 13, 2009, a celebration is expected as the Unix time number reaches 1234567890 seconds. This day happens to fall on Friday the 13th on the Gregorian calendar. The UNIX time number 0x50000000 (1342177280 seconds) will also happen on a Friday the 13th, at 12:01:20 UTC on July 13, 2012.

At 03:33:20 UTC on May 18, 2033, the second billennium will be celebrated (Unix time number 2000000000).