Tigranakert
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Tigranakert (Armenian: Տիգրանակերտ, transliterated "Tigranakert" and also spelled "Dikranagerd" in Western Armenian; Latin Tigranocerta) was a city near present-day Silvan, Turkey, east of Diyarbakır. It was founded by the Armenian Emperor Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC. Tigranakert was founded as the new capital of the Armenian Empire in order to be in a more central position within the boundaries of the expanding empire.[1] To create this city, Tigranes forced many people out of their homes to make up the population.[2] Armenia at this time had expanded east to the Caspian Sea, west to central Cappadocia, and south towards Judea, advancing as far as the regions surrounding what is now the Krak des Chevaliers. A Roman force under Lucius Lucullus defeated Tigranes at the Battle of Tigranocerta nearby in 69 BC, and afterwards sacked the city, sending many of the people back to their original homes. During Pompey the Great's 'conquests of the east', Tigranakert was retaken briefly by Rome, but was lost when Tigranes the Great was given parts of his kingdom back after his initial surrender to Pompey for the cost of 6,000 talents (an indemnity paid to Rome over an uncertain period). It was again taken by the Romans when Corbulo, a Roman legate (head of a legion), defeated Tiridates, an Armenian rebel in 64 AD. During the Ottoman period, Armenian historians hypothesized that the city of Diyarbekir was, in fact, the ancient Tigranakert. Armenians who lived in Diyarbekir began to refer to the city as "Dikranagerd," and themselves as "Dikranagerdtsi." In reality, the location of ancient Tigranakert is still debated, but it is unlikely to be Diyarbekir (which in ancient times was actually known as Amid.) The city of "Tigranakert/Dikranagerd" was a center of Armenian culture and was home to the Armenians up until the Armenian massacres of the 19th century and the Armenian Genocide of 1915, when the population was eradicated.[3][4] The Armenian dialect of this "Dikranagerd" is known as one of the most unusual of Armenian dialects, due to its high mixture of Turkish, Kurdish, and even Arabic and Assyrian words.
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[edit] History
The city's markets were filled with traders and merchants doing business from all over the ancient world. Tigranakert quickly became a very important commercial, as well as cultural center of the Near East. The magnificent theater that was established by the Emperor, of which he was an avid devotee, conducted dramas and comedies mostly played by Greek as well as Armenian actors. Plutarch wrote (Lucull. 26.2) that Tigranakert was "a rich and beautiful city where every common man and every man of rank studied to adorn it." The Hellenistic culture during the Artaxiad Dynasty had a strong influence and the Greek language was in fact the official language of the court. Tigran had divided Greater Armenia -- the nucleus of the Empire -- into four major strategic regions or viceroyalties. After the plunder, which included the destruction of statues and temples, the city was set ablaze. The abundant quantity of gold and silver was carried off to Rome as war booty. Lucullus took most of the gold and silver from the melted-down statues, pots, cups and other valuable metals and precious stones. Most of the citizens during the pillage simply fled to the countryside. The newly established theater building was also destroyed in the fire. The great city would never recover from this devastating destruction.[5]
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| Historic capitals of Armenia | |||||||
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Van · Ani · Armavir · Yervandashat · Artashat · Tigranakert · Vagharshapat · Dvin · Bagaran · Shirakavan · Kars |
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