Thyroid hormone receptor alpha

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Thyroid hormone receptor, alpha (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-a) oncogene homolog, avian)
PDB rendering based on 1nav.
Available structures: 1nav, 2h77, 2h79
Identifiers
Symbol(s) THRA; AR7; EAR7; ERB-T-1; ERBA; ERBA1; MGC000261; MGC43240; NR1A1; THRA1; THRA2; c-ERBA-1
External IDs OMIM: 190120 MGI: 98742 HomoloGene: 37747
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 7067 21833
Ensembl ENSG00000126351 ENSMUSG00000058756
Uniprot P10827 Q80Y90
Refseq NM_003250 (mRNA)
NP_003241 (protein)		 XM_994382 (mRNA)
XP_999476 (protein)
Location Chr 17: 35.47 - 35.5 Mb Chr 11: 98.56 - 98.59 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TR-alpha) (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-a) oncogene homolog, avian), also known as NR1A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group A, member 1), is nuclear receptor protein encoded by the THRA gene.[1]

The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Entrez Gene: THRA thyroid hormone receptor, alpha (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-a) oncogene homolog, avian).

[edit] Further reading

  • Forrest D, Reh TA, Rüsch A (2002). "Neurodevelopmental control by thyroid hormone receptors.". Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12 (1): 49–56. PMID 11861164. 
  • Sakurai A, Bell GI, DeGroot LJ (1993). "Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the human thyroid hormone receptor alpha gene (THRA1) on chromosome 17.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 1 (7): 553. PMID 1307263. 
  • Berrodin TJ, Marks MS, Ozato K, et al. (1992). "Heterodimerization among thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor, and an endogenous liver protein.". Mol. Endocrinol. 6 (9): 1468–78. PMID 1331778. 
  • Schmidt ED, Schmidt ED, van der Gaag R, et al. (1992). "Distribution of the nuclear thyroid-hormone receptor in extraocular and skeletal muscles.". J. Endocrinol. 133 (1): 67–74. PMID 1517709. 
  • Yen PM, Sunday ME, Darling DS, Chin WW (1992). "Isoform-specific thyroid hormone receptor antibodies detect multiple thyroid hormone receptors in rat and human pituitaries.". Endocrinology 130 (3): 1539–46. PMID 1537303. 
  • Laudet V, Begue A, Henry-Duthoit C, et al. (1991). "Genomic organization of the human thyroid hormone receptor alpha (c-erbA-1) gene.". Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (5): 1105–12. PMID 1850510. 
  • Nakai A, Sakurai A, Bell GI, DeGroot LJ (1989). "Characterization of a third human thyroid hormone receptor coexpressed with other thyroid hormone receptors in several tissues.". Mol. Endocrinol. 2 (11): 1087–92. PMID 2464749. 
  • Miyajima N, Horiuchi R, Shibuya Y, et al. (1989). "Two erbA homologs encoding proteins with different T3 binding capacities are transcribed from opposite DNA strands of the same genetic locus.". Cell 57 (1): 31–9. PMID 2539258. 
  • Sakurai A, Nakai A, DeGroot LJ (1989). "Expression of three forms of thyroid hormone receptor in human tissues.". Mol. Endocrinol. 3 (2): 392–9. PMID 2710139. 
  • Sap J, Muñoz A, Damm K, et al. (1987). "The c-erb-A protein is a high-affinity receptor for thyroid hormone.". Nature 324 (6098): 635–40. doi:10.1038/324635a0. PMID 2879242. 
  • Nakai A, Seino S, Sakurai A, et al. (1988). "Characterization of a thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human kidney and other tissues.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (8): 2781–5. PMID 3357890. 
  • Mitelman F, Manolov G, Manolova Y, et al. (1986). "High resolution chromosome analysis of constitutional and acquired t(15;17) maps c-erbA to subband 17q11.2.". Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 22 (2): 95–8. PMID 3458521. 
  • Benbrook D, Pfahl M (1987). "A novel thyroid hormone receptor encoded by a cDNA clone from a human testis library.". Science 238 (4828): 788–91. PMID 3672126. 
  • Pfahl M, Benbrook D (1988). "Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding a novel human thyroid hormone receptor.". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (22): 9613. PMID 3684612. 
  • Spurr NK, Solomon E, Jansson M, et al. (1984). "Chromosomal localisation of the human homologues to the oncogenes erbA and B.". EMBO J. 3 (1): 159–63. PMID 6323162. 
  • Dayton AI, Selden JR, Laws G, et al. (1984). "A human c-erbA oncogene homologue is closely proximal to the chromosome 17 breakpoint in acute promyelocytic leukemia.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81 (14): 4495–9. PMID 6589608. 
  • Chen JD, Evans RM (1995). "A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors.". Nature 377 (6548): 454–7. doi:10.1038/377454a0. PMID 7566127. 
  • Desai-Yajnik V, Hadzic E, Modlinger P, et al. (1995). "Interactions of thyroid hormone receptor with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat and the HIV-1 Tat transactivator.". J. Virol. 69 (8): 5103–12. PMID 7609079. 
  • Lee JW, Choi HS, Gyuris J, et al. (1995). "Two classes of proteins dependent on either the presence or absence of thyroid hormone for interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor.". Mol. Endocrinol. 9 (2): 243–54. PMID 7776974. 
  • Desai-Yajnik V, Samuels HH (1994). "Regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat: interactions of thyroid hormone receptor with retinoid-X receptor, nuclear factor kappa B, Sp1, and Tat.". Trans. Assoc. Am. Physicians 106: 13–32. PMID 8036737. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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v • d • e
Transcription factors and intracellular receptors
(1) Basic domains
(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)
Activating transcription factor (AATF, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) • AP-1 (c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) • BACH (1, 2) • BATF • BLZF1 • C/EBP (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ) • CREB (1, 3, L1) • CREM • DBP • DDIT3 • GABPA • HLF • MAF (B, F, G, K) • NFE (2, L1, L2) • NRL • NRF1 • XBP1
(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)
ATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BHLHB2 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • EPAS1 • HAND (1, 2) • HES (5, 6) • HEY (1, 2, L) • HES1 • HIF (1A, 3A) • ID (1, 2, 3, 4) • LYL1 • MXD4 • MYCL1 • MYCN • Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) • Neurogenins • NeuroD (1, 2) • NPAS (1, 2, 3) • OLIG (1, 2) • Scleraxis • TAL1 • Twist • USF1
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP
MAX • MITF • MNT • MLX • MXI1 • Myc • SREBP (1, 2)
(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
(2) Zinc finger
DNA-binding domains
(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4)
subfamily 1 (Thyroid hormone (α, β), CAR, FXR, LXR (α, β), PPAR (α, β/δ, γ), PXR, RAR (α, β, γ), ROR (α, β, γ), Rev-ErbA (α, β), VDR) • subfamily 2 (COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (α, γ), PNR, RXR (α, β, γ), Testicular receptor (2, 4), TLX) • subfamily 3 (Steroid hormone (Estrogen (α, β), Estrogen related (α, β, γ), Androgen, Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone)) • subfamily 4 NUR (NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) • subfamily 5 (LRH-1, SF1) • subfamily 6 (GCNF) • subfamily 0 (DAX1, SHP)
(2.2) Other Cys4
GATA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) • MTA (1, 2, 3)
(2.3) Cys2His2
ATBF1 • BCL(6, 11A, 11B) • CTCF • E4F1 • EGR (2, 3) • ERV3 • General transcription factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF: 1, 2, TFIIH: 1, 2, 4, 2I, 3A, 3C1, 3C2) • GFI1 • GLI-Krüppel family (1, 2, 3, YY1) • HIC (1, 2) • HIVEP (1, 2, 3) • IKZF (1, 2, 3) • ILF (2, 3) • KLF (2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) • MTF1 • MYT1 • OSR1 • Sp1 • zinc finger ((3, 7, 9, 10, 19, 22, 24, 33B, 34, 35, 41, 43, 44, 51, 74, 143, 146, 148, 165, 202, 217, 219, 238, 239, 259, 267, 268, 281, 295, 318, 330, 346, 350, 365, 366, 384, 451, 452, 471, 593, 638, 649, 655) • Zbtb7 (7A) • ZBT (16, 17, 33)
(2.4) Cys6
(2.5) Alternating composition
AIRE • DIDO1 • GRLF1 • ING (1, 2, 4) • JARID (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2) • JMJD1B
(3) Helix-turn-helix
domains
ARX • CDX (1, 2) • CRX • CUTL1 • DLX (3, 4, 5) • EMX2 • EN (1, 2) • FHL (1, 2, 3) • HESX1 • HHEX • HLX • Homeobox (A1, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C5, C6, C8, C9, C10, C11, C13, D1, D3, D4, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) • HOPX • MEIS (1, 2) • MEOX2 • MNX1 • MSX (1, 2) • NANOG • NKX (2-1, 2-5, 3-1) • PHF (3, 6, 10, 17) • POU domain (PIT-1, BRN-3: 1, 2, Octamer transcription factor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7) • OTX (1, 2) • PDX1
(3.2) Paired box
PAX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • FOX proteins (C1, C2, E1, G1, H1, K2, L2, M1, N3, O1A, , O3A, O4, P1, P2, P3)
HSF (1, 2, 4)
(3.5) Tryptophan clusters
ELF (4, 5) • EGF • ELK (1, 3, 4) • ERF • ERG • ETS (1, 2) • ETV (1, 4, 5, 6) • FLI1 • Interferon regulatory factors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • MYB • MYBL2
(3.6) TEA domain
transcriptional enhancer factor 1, 2
(4) β-Scaffold factors with
minor groove contacts
(4.1) Rel homology region
NF-κB (NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, RELA, RELB) • NFAT (C1, C2, C3, C4, 5)
(4.2) STAT
STAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
(4.3) p53
(4.4) MADS box
Mef2 (A, B, C, D) • SRF
HNF (1A, 1B) • LEF1 • SOX (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18) • SRY • SSRP1
(4.10) Cold-shock domain
(4.11) Runt
(0) Other
transcription factors
(0.2) HMGI(Y)
HMGA (1, 2) • HBP1
Rb • RBL1 • RBL2
(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors
Apetala 2 • EREBP • B3
(0.6) Miscellaneous
ARID (1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) • CAP • IFI (16, 35) • MLL (2, 3, T1) • MNDA • NFI (A, B, C, X) • NFY (A, B, C) • Rho/Sigma • R-SMAD