Throw (grappling)

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Throw


Sacrifice throws are sometimes considered risky since they put the thrower in a potentially disadvantageous position.
Japanese name
Kanji: 投げ
Hiragana: なげわざ

A throw (in Japanese martial arts referred to as nage-waza, 投げ技, "throwing technique") is a martial arts term for a grappling technique that involves off-balancing or lifting an opponent, and tossing them to the ground. It usually involves a rotating motion as opposed to a takedown). Typically the combatant performing the throw disconnects with the opponent, and ends balanced and on the feet. Throws can however also be followed into a top position, in which case the person executing the throw does not disconnect with the opponent. Certain throwing techniques called sacrifice throws (sutemi-waza, 捨身技, "sacrifice technique") involve putting oneself in a potentially disadvantagous position, such as on the ground, to execute a throw.

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[edit] Types of throws

There are various kinds of throws. Among Asian martial arts, Judo has the most developed throwing techniques and throws are considered its specialty. In Judo, throws are divided into 6 categories -- hand techniques, leg techniques, hip techniques, shoulder techniques, rear sacrifice throws, and side sacrifice throws. Some of the more common throwing techniques are listed below. This is not an exhaustive list and the techniques may be referred to by other names in different styles. An English translation and a common Japanese equivalent are given.

There are several major types of throw. These range from leg reaps and trips to hip throws and some are listed below (this section requires considerable expansion and clean-up):

[edit] Shoulder throws

A shoulder throw (a type of hand throw in judo) involves throwing an opponent over the shoulder. A shoulder throw which lifts the opponent from the ground is in Japanese referred to as seoi-nage (背負投, "shoulder throw"), while a throw which involves dropping to the ground and pulling the opponent over the shoulder is referred to as seoi-otoshi (背負落, "shoulder drop").[1] Seoi-nage is one of the most used throws in elite Judo competition; one study indicated that approximately 56% of judokas implemented the technique.[2]

A common shoulder throw is judo's Ippon Seoinage (literally, one armed shoulder carry but commonly referred to as shoulder throw) or the similar flying mare in wrestling.[3]

It should be noted that most throws are named by describing the circumvention point of the throw (eg hip throw, shoulder throw, wrist throw etc), or the nature of effect of the throw on the opponent (eg heaven and earth throw, valley drop, body drop). Variations are given descriptive names. The names mentioned and attributed to Jujutsu throws (and hence Judo/aikido throws) are descriptions in Japanese. It is conventional for the Japanese to name their throws in this manner, and many English/American martial art dojo's have given English names to the throws. It is easier for English speaking students to remember the names of throws if they can associate the throws by the descriptive nature of the throw name.

[edit] Leg throws, reaps and trips

In a leg reap, the attacker uses one of their legs to reap one or both of their opponent's legs off the ground. Generally the opponent's weight is placed on the leg that is reapt away. This coupled with the attacker controlling the opponent's body with their hands causes the opponent to fall over. Common leg reaps are judo's Ouchi Gari, Kouchi Gari, Osoto Gari and Kosoto Gari. Similar techniques in wrestling include the inside and outside trips.

Somewhat similar to leg reaps, leg trips involve a hooking or lifting action with the attacking leg instead of a reaping action. The border between the two types of throw can be unclear, and many throws will exhibit characteristics of both reaps and trips, however, the difference is that a reap is one smooth move, like that of a scythe, whereas a hook is pulling the opponents leg up first, and then swinging it away, like when you pull out weeds, or uproot a small tree. Common leg trips are hooking variations of Ouchi Gari and Osoto Gari along with Kosoto Gake, referred to as inside and outside trips in Western wrestling.

[edit] Hip throws

A hip throw involves using your hip as a pivot point to throw your opponent to the floor. By getting your hip in a lower position than your opponent's center of gravity you can easily throw them. There are several types of hip throws such as O Goshi, which is often taught first to novices as it is relatively easy to learn. Hip throws in Judo are called Koshi Waza, and in Aikido or Sumo they are called koshinage.

[edit] Sacrifice throws

Sacrifice throws are the type of throw where you must put your own body on the ground in a potentially disadvantageous position in order to succeed in throwing your opponent. Because the momentum of your falling body adds power there is very little strength required in these throws. In Judo these throws are called Sutemi Waza and are further divided into rear (Masutemi waza) and side (Yoko Sutemi Waza) throws. [4]

[edit] Pick-ups

Pickups involve lifting the opponent off the ground and then bringing them down again. Common pick-ups are lifting variations of the double leg takedown, judo's Te Guruma or sukui nage (both classified as hand throws), and the suplex which is a wrestling throw in which the attacker lifts their opponents body vertically and throws the opponent over their own center of gravity while executing a back fall (usually accompanied by a back arch). Variations of the suplex are common in most forms of wrestling, and sometimes used in Mixed Martial Arts competition; in Judo the ura-nage throw is a version of the suplex (but it is classified as a sacrifice throw).

[edit] References

  1. ^ The Kodokan Judo Institute. Seoi-Otoshi (hand technique). www.kodokan.org. URL last accessed February 11, 2006.
  2. ^ Weers, George. Skill Range of the Elite Judo Competitor. judoinfo.com. URL last accessed February 11, 2006.
  3. ^ LoveToKnow 1911 Online Encyclopedia. Wrestling. www.1911encyclopedia.org. URL last accessed on April 21, 2006
  4. ^ Ohlenkamp, Neil (2006) Judo Unleashed basic reference on judo. ISBN 0071475346.

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