Threonine aldolase

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Threonine aldolase
Identifiers
Symbol	THA1P
Entrez	390816
HUGO	18004
RefSeq	XM_372682
Other data
Locus	Chr. 17 q25.3

In enzymology, a threonine aldolase (EC 4.1.2.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-threonine glycine + acetaldehyde

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-threonine, and two products, glycine and acetaldehyde.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the aldehyde-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase (glycine-forming). This enzyme is also called L-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.

Contents 1 Structural studies 2 References 3 External links 3.1 Gene Ontology (GO) codes

[edit] Structural studies

As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1JG8, 1LW4, 1LW5, 1M6S, and 1SVV.

[edit] References

• IUBMB entry for 4.1.2.5
• BRENDA references for 4.1.2.5 (Recommended.)
• PubMed references for 4.1.2.5
• PubMed Central references for 4.1.2.5
• Google Scholar references for 4.1.2.5
• Bell SC and Turner JM (1973). "Bacterial threonine aldolase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 1: 678–681. 
• KARASEK MA, GREENBERG DM (1957). "Studies on the properties of threonine aldolases". J. Biol. Chem. 227: 191–205. PMID 13449064. 
• Kumagai H, Nagate T, Yoshida H, Yamada H (1972). "Threonine aldolase from Candida humicola. II. Purification, crystallization and properties". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 258: 779–90. PMID 5017702. 

[edit] External links

The CAS registry number for this enzyme class is 62213-23-4.

• IUBMB entry for 4.1.2.5

• KEGG entry for 4.1.2.5

• BRENDA entry for 4.1.2.5

• NiceZyme view of 4.1.2.5

• EC2PDB: PDB structures for 4.1.2.5

• PRIAM entry for 4.1.2.5

• PUMA2 entry for 4.1.2.5

• IntEnz: Integrated Enzyme entry for 4.1.2.5

• MetaCyc entry for 4.1.2.5

• Atomic-resolution structures of enzymes belonging to this class

[edit] Gene Ontology (GO) codes

• EGO entry for GO code 0004793: threonine aldolase

• AMIGO entry for GO code 0004793: threonine aldolase

v • d • e Metabolism: amino acid metabolism - synthesis and catabolism enzymes (essential in CAPS) K→acetyl-CoA LYSINE→ Saccharopine dehydrogenase - Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase LEUCINE→ Branched chain aminotransferase - Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex - Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase - Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase - Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase TRYPTOPHAN→ Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase - Arylformamidase - Kynureninase - 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase - Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase - Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine→ (see below) G→pyruvate glycine→serine→ Serine hydroxymethyltransferase - Serine dehydratase alanine→ Alanine transaminase cysteine→ D-cysteine desulfhydrase threonine→ L-threonine dehydrogenase G→glutamate HISTIDINE→ Histidine ammonia-lyase - Urocanate hydratase - Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase proline→ Proline oxidase - Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase - 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase/ALDH4A1 - PYCR1 arginine→ Ornithine aminotransferase - Ornithine decarboxylase - Agmatinase →alpha-ketoglutarate→TCA Glutamate dehydrogenase G→propionyl-CoA VALINE→ Branched chain aminotransferase - Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex - Enoyl-CoA hydratase - 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase - 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase - Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase ISOLEUCINE→ Branched chain aminotransferase - Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex - 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase METHIONINE→ Methionine adenosyltransferase - Adenosylhomocysteinase - Cystathionine beta synthase - Cystathionine gamma-lyase (methionine synthesis: MTR/Homocysteine methyltransferase) THREONINE→ Threonine aldolase →succinyl-CoA→TCA Propionyl-CoA carboxylase - Methylmalonyl CoA epimerase - Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase G→fumarate PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine→ Phenylalanine hydroxylase - Tyrosine aminotransferase - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase - Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase - Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase G→oxaloacetate asparagine→aspartate→ Asparaginase/Asparagine synthetase - Aspartate transaminase Other tyrosine→melanin Tyrosinase cysteine+glutamate→glutathione Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase - Glutathione synthetase - Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase glycine→creatine Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase - Creatine kinase glutamate→glutamine Glutamine synthetase - Glutaminase proline+lysine→collagen Prolyl hydroxylase - Lysyl hydroxylase see also disorders, intermediates

v • d • e Carbon-carbon lyases (EC 4.1) 4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases Pyruvate decarboxylase -Oxaloacetate decarboxylase - Acetoacetate decarboxylase - Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase - Glutamate decarboxylase - Ornithine decarboxylase - Lysine decarboxylase - Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase - Histidine decarboxylase - Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase - Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase - Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase - RuBisCO - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases Aldolase A/Aldolase B - 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase - Threonine aldolase 4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase