User:Thomasmeeks/Rough draft2
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Altruism
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=312463
- Peter J. Hammond (1987). "altruism," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 1, pp. 85-87.
'Just' in many usages, including economic ones, may express ethical acceptance of some possible social state(s) against which other possible social states are measured. By contrast, the usage of justice in economics is as a subcategory of welfare economics with models representing the ethical requirements or rules of a given theory.[1]. That theory may or may not elicit acceptance (Konow, 2003). In the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes 'justice' is scrolled to at JEL: D63, wedged on the same line between 'Equity' and 'Inequality', and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement'. Categories above and below it are Externalities and Altruism.
In early welfare economics, where mentioned, 'justice' was little distinguished from maximization of all individual utility functions or a social welfare function. As to the latter, this need not slight an ordinary notion of justice. Samuelson (1947, p. 221) describes a social welfare function as representing any ethical belief system required to order any (hypothetically feasible) social states for the entire society as "better than," "worse than," or "indifferent to" each other.
Sen (1987) outlines ways in which utilitarianism as an approach to justice is constrained or challenged by independent claims of equality in the distribution of primary goods, liberty and entitlements, exclusion of antisocial preferences, possible capabilities, and fairness as non-envy plus Pareto efficiency.
A recent broad reinterpretation and restatement of justice from the perspective of game theory and social contract theory is found in the work of Ken Binmore (1994, 1998, 2004).
[edit] Notes
- ^ Developed along more general lines in Gibbard (1990).
[edit] References
- Kenneth J. Arrow (1983). Collected Papers of Kenneth J. Arrow, v. 1, Social Choice and Justice
- Ken Binmore. Game Theory and the Social Contract (pub. description):
- (1994). v. 1: Playing Fair. (moral and political theory from a game-theoretical perspective)
- (1998), v. 2: Just Playing. (Humean & evolutionary naturalism to defend Rawls's original position)
- ____ {2004). Natural Justice. (pub. description and comments by Gary Becker)
- Marc Fleurbaey (2006). "Economics and Economic Justice", Stanford Encyclopedia of Economics.
- Allan Gibbard (1990). Wise Choices, Apt Feelings. (pub. description)
- Daniel M. Hausman and Michael S. McPherson (1996). Economic Analysis and Moral Philosophy, Part III: Liberty, rights, equality, and justice, pp. 117-62.
- Serge-Christophe Kolm (1996). Modern Theories of Justice. (excerpts, pub. description)
- James Konow (2003). "Which Is the Fairest One of All? A Positive Analysis of Justice Theories," Journal of Economic Literature, 41(4), pp. 1188-1239. {1st page via JSTOR)
- Julian Lamont (2003). "Distributive Justice", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- Phillipe Mongin (2002). "Is There Progress in Normative Economics?", same title in Stephan Boehm, et al., eds. (2002), Is There Progress in Economics?.
- Edmund S. Phelps (1987). "distributive justice," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 1, pp. 886-88.
- Richard A. Posner (1981). The Economics of Justice, ISBN 978-0-674-23526-7 (pub. description)
- Paul A. Samuelson (1947). Foundations of Economic Analysis, ch. VIII, "Welfare Economics."
- Amartya K. Sen (1970), Collective Choice and Social Welfare:
- ch. 9, "Equity and Justice," pp. 131-51
- ch. 9*, "Impersonality and Collective Quasi-Orderings," pp. 152-160.
- ____ (1987). "justice," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, pp. 1039-43.
