Thomas Phillipps

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Sir Thomas Phillipps
Sir Thomas Phillipps, ca. 1860
Born	July 2, 1792(1792-07-02)
Died	February 6, 1872 (aged 79)
Occupation	antiquarian, book collector

Sir Thomas Phillipps, 1st Baronet (2 July 1792 – 6 February 1872) was an English antiquary and book collector who amassed the largest collection of manuscript material in the 19th century, due to his severe condition of bibliomania. He was the illegitimate son of a textile manufacturer who inherited a substantial estate which he spent almost entirely on vellum manuscripts, and in doing so put his family into debt. Phillipps recorded in an early catalogue that his collection “was instigated by reading various accounts of the destruction of valuable manuscripts.”^[1]

Philipps began his collecting while still at Rugby School and continued at Oxford.^[2] Such was his devotion that he acquired some 40,000 printed books and 60,000 manuscripts, arguably the largest collection a single individual has created, and coined the term “vello-maniac”^[3] to describe his obsession. A.N.L. Munby notes that ‘’[h]e spent perhaps between two hundred thousand and a quarter of a million pounds[,] altogether four or five thousand pounds a year, while accessions came in at the rate of forty or fifty a week.”^[4] His success as a collector owed something to the dispersal of the monastic libraries following the French Revolution and the relative cheapness of a large amount of vellum material, in particular English legal documents, many of which owe their survival to Phillipps. He was an assiduous cataloguer who established the Middle Hill Press (named after his country seat at Broadway, Worcestershire) in 1822 not only to record his book holdings but also to publish his findings in English topography and genealogy.^[5]

During his lifetime Phillipps attempted to turn over his collection to the British nation and corresponded with the then-chancellor of the exchequer Disraeli in order that it should be acquired for the British Library. Negotiations proved unsuccessful and ultimately the dispersal of his collection took over 100 years. Phillipps's will stipulated that his books should remain intact at Thirlestaine House, that no bookseller or stranger should rearrange them and that no Roman Catholic should be permitted to view them.^[6] In 1885 the Court of Chancery declared this too restrictive and thus made possible the sale of the library which Phillipps’s grandson Thomas FitzRoy Fenwick supervised for the next fifty years. Significant portions of the European material were sold to the national collections on the continent including the Royal Library, Berlin, the Bibliothéque Royale Brussels and the Provincial Archives in Utrecht as well as the sale of outstanding individual items to the J. Pierpont Morgan and Henry E. Huntington libraries. By 1946 what was known as the “residue” was sold to London booksellers Phillip and Lionel Robinson for £100,000, though this part of the collection was uncatalogued and unexamined. The Robinsons endeavored to sell these books through their own published catalogues and a number of Sothebys sales. The final portion of the collection was sold to New York bookseller H.P. Kraus in 1977 who issued a sale catalogue the same year: the last to bear the title Bibliotheca Phillippica. A five-volume history of the collection and its dispersal, Phillipps Studies, by A.N.L. Munby was published between 1951 and 1960.

[edit] Notes

[edit] Bibliography

• Nicholas A. Basbanes: A Gentle Madness, 1995
• Alan Bell, "Phillipps, Sir Thomas, baronet (1792–1872)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 24 March 2007
• A.N.L.Munby: Phillipps Studies, 5 vols. 1951-1960.

[edit] External links

Works by Thomas Phillips at Project Gutenberg

Persondata
NAME	Phillipps, Thomas (Sir)
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Antiquarian Book-collector
DATE OF BIRTH	1792
PLACE OF BIRTH
DATE OF DEATH	1872
PLACE OF DEATH