Thomas Laycock (physiologist)

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Thomas Laycock (1812-1876) was an English neurophysiologist who was a native of York. He initially studied medicine at the University College London, and furthered his studies in Paris under Alfred Armand Velpeau (1795–1867) and Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis (1787–1872). In 1839 he received his medical doctorate at the University of Goettingen, and afterwards returned to York as a lecturer at York Medical School as well as physician to the York Dispensary. From 1855 until his death in 1876, he held the chair of medicine in Edinburgh. Famed neurologist John Hughlings Jackson (1835-1911) was his assistant at York, and Laycock was a major influence to the career of James Crichton-Browne (1840-1938).

Laycock is remembered today for his concept concerning the reflex action of the brain, and from this standpoint he postulated that a reflex was an intelligent, but unconscious reaction to stimuli. He believed that although the brain was an organ of consciousness, it was still subject to the laws of reflex action, and in this regard was no different than other ganglia of the nervous system. Laycock also had a fundamental belief in the unity of nature, and saw nature as working through an unconsciously acting principle of organization.