Image:Thomas Cromwell, by Hans Holbein.jpg

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Description

Portrait of Thomas Cromwell. New York, Frick Collection. Oak panel, 76 x 61 cm.
Source

Stephanie Buck, Hans Holbein, Cologne: Könemann, 1999, p. 113. ISBN 3829025831.
Date

1532–33
Author

Hans Holbein the Younger (1497/98–1543).

Three early versions of this painting survive: this one, in the Frick Collection, New York; one in the National Portrait Gallery, London (see 'other versions' below); and one at Burton Constable, Yorkshire, England. Art scholar Roy Strong believed that all three were copies and, while the condition of all three is poor, that the Frick version is in the best condition. Art Scholar John Rowlands, however, has since deduced from pentimenti (signs of alteration) revealed by X-ray photographs that the Frick version shows the hand of Holbein himself and is the original. He is followed in this attribution by art scholar Stephanie Buck.

All three versions had scrolls painted above Cromwell's head, but the scroll on the Frick version, which was painted after Cromwell's execution, was removed during restoration. The painting has been over-restored, resulting in the removal of much of the surface subtlety characteristic of Holbein. (John Rowlands, Holbein, Boston: David R. Godine, 1985, pp. 137–38. ISBN 0879235780. See also Stephanie Buck, Hans Holbein, pp. 112–13.)
Permission
(Reusing this image)

See below
Other versions
Thomas Cromwell, after Holbein, National Portrait Gallery

[edit] Licensing

This is a faithful photographic reproduction of an original two-dimensional work of art. The original image comprising the work of art itself is in the public domain for the following reason:
Public domain This image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired.

This applies to the United States, Canada, the European Union and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years.

Note that a few countries have copyright terms longer than 70 years: Mexico has 100 years, Colombia has 80 years, and Guatemala and Samoa have 75 years. This image may not be in the public domain in these countries, which moreover do not implement the rule of the shorter term. Côte d'Ivoire has a general copyright term of 99 years and Honduras has 75 years, but they do implement that rule of the shorter term.

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File history

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Date/TimeDimensionsUserComment
current20:34, 24 May 2008888×1,102 (202 KB)Qp10qp ({{Information |Description=Portrait of Thomas Cromwell |Source=Stephanie Buck, ''Hans Holbein'', Cologne: Konemann, 1999, p. 113. ISBN 3829025831. |Date=153–233 |Author=Hans Holbein |Permission=See below |other_versions=[[Image:Cromwell,Thomas(1EEssex)0)
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