Third Cinema
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Third Cinema (Spanish: Tercer Cine) is a Latin American film movement of the 1960s-70s which decries neocolonialism, the capitalist system, and the Hollywood model of cinema as mere entertainment to make money. The term was coined in the manifesto Towards a Third Cinema, written in the late 1960s by Argentine filmmakers Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino, members of the Grupo Cine Liberación. Published in 1969 in the cinema journal Tricontinental by the OSPAAAL (Organization of Solidarity with the People of Asia, Africa and Latin America [1]), Towards a Third Cinema started by a quote of anti-colonialist writer Frantz Fanon: ""...we must discuss, we must invent..."
Beside the Argentine Grupo Cine Liberación, Tercer Cine included Raymundo Gleyzer's Cine de la Base, the Brazilian Cinema Nôvo, the Cuban revolutionary cinema and the Bolivian film director Jorge Sanjinés [2].
Solanas and Getino's manifesto considers 'First Cinema' to be the Hollywood production model that promulgates bourgeois values to a passive audience through escapist spectacle and individual characters. 'Second Cinema' is the European art film, which rejects Hollywood conventions but is centred on the individual expression of the auteur director. Third Cinema rejects the view of cinema as a vehicle for personal expression, seeing the director instead as part of a collective; it appeals to the masses by presenting the truth and inspiring aggressive activity. Solanas and Getino argue that traditional exhibition models also need to be avoided: the films should be screened clandestinely, both in order to avoid censorship and commercial networks, but also so that the viewer must take a risk to see them.[3]
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[edit] References
- ^ Kadri Kayabal, Third Cinema - Planet of the Apes, the Forbidden Zone (English)
- ^ Oscar Ranzani, La revolución es un sueño eterno, Pagina 12, 20 October 2004 (Spanish)
- ^ David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson, Film History: An Introduction, 2nd edtn. (McGraw-Hill, 2003), 545.
[edit] Further reading
- Wayne, Mike Political Film:The Dialectics of Third Cinema. Pluto Press, 2001.
- Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino, "Towards a Third Cinema" in: Movies and Methods. An Anthology, edited by Bill Nichols, Berkeley: University of California Press 1976, pp 44-64
[edit] See also
- Political cinema
- Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, Cuban film-maker
- Kidlat Tahimik, Philippine film-maker
- Djibril Diop Mambéty, Senegalese film-director
- The Dictator Novel, a Latin American contemporary literary genre
- Cinema Novo
[edit] External links
- "Towards a Third Cinema" available online.
