The church of St Buryan

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The Church of St Buryan is a late 15th century Church of England parish church in St Buryan in Cornwall.

The church of St Buryan as seen from the front entrance

[edit] Architectural history

view of the church showing the octagonal corner turret, which contains the spiral staircase

A church has stood on the current site since c. 930. King Athelstan stopped to pray at Saint Buriana's chapel, of which little now remains, during his conquest of Cornwall prior to his campaign against the Scilly Isles. He vowed to erect a college of clergy where the oratory stood if God blessed his expedition with success. Upon his triumphant return, having subdued the Scillys, Athelstan endowed a church in honour of Saint Buriana with a charter that established St Buryan as one of the earliest monasteries in Cornwall. ^[1]. The church structure was later enlarged and dedicated to the saint in 1238 by Bishop William Brewer ^[2] [1]. However, by 1473 the church had fallen into disrepair, with large sections having to be subsequently rebuilt. The current tower, which was completed in 1501 ^[3], is 92 feet high and constructed of wrought cut granite from nearby Lamorna^[4]. Many years later the same granite was used to build Old London Bridge. It is divided into four stages, and has double buttresses at each angle. An octagonal turret rises at the south-east corner and contains a spiral staircase. The bulk of the present church building was added in the late 15th and 16th century and the north wall re-built in the 18th century, at the same time as the demolition of a small lean-to chapel on the north wall of the chancel^[4]. In 1814, the church was restored yet again when the benches and screen were replaced and in 1956 the present Lady Chapel was erected as a gift of John Franklin Tonkin, in memory of his uncle, Robert Edmund Tonkin, of Treverven[2]. The church is currently classified as a Grade I listed building. ^{[5] [6]}

[edit] Status

The church from behind, showing the stain glass windows

Sun dial over the church entrance

Because of the nature of the original charter from King Athelstan, the parish of St Buryan was long regarded as a Royal Peculiar^[7] thus falling directly under the jurisdiction of the British monarch as a separate 'diocese', rather than the Church. Between 1300 and 1473 arguments raged between The Crown and the Bishops of England over the status of the parish, with no bishops willing to visit the parish as they had no jurisdiction, telling the King that they were afraid to meddle with St Buryan, "for none dares go there for fear of death and mutilation"^[8]. Arguments came to a head in 1327 when blood was shed in the churchyard, and in 1328 St Buryan was excommunicated by the Bishop and was not reinstated until 1336.^[8]Only two of the King's appointed Deans appear to have actually lived in the 'diocese' of St Buryan for more than a few months, and the combination of theses factors led to the subsequent ruinous state of the church in 1473. The Deanery was annexed in 1663 to the Bishopric of Exeter after the English Civil War. However, it was again severed during the rule of 'Bishop' Harris, who thus became the first truly independent dean ^[9]. The current diocese holds jurisdiction over the parishes of St Buryan, St. Levan, and Sennen.

[edit] The Church Bells

The Church's tower currently houses six hansom bells that call the faithful of St Buryan to worship. St Buryan's famous bells contain both the third heaviest treble bell anywhere in the world, and a magnificent tenor bell (the heaviest tenor bell of any six-bell peal), help give the church of St Buryan the heaviest peal of six bells anywhere in the world ^[10]

[edit] History of the bells

The tower was originally planned to house eight bells, the first such peal in Cornwall, and an order was placed with R. Pennington in 1638. However, a survey of the church in the late nineteenth century detailed that only three bells were present, dated 1638, 1681 and 1738 ^[11] suggesting that the work was never completed and also that at least two restorations had occurred during the intervening years. In 1901 a substantial refurbishment was undertaken by Warner's bell foundry who recast two of the old bells and supplemented them with a new tenor whilst also retuning the old treble bell. The improved peal were then rehung in a new heavy duty steel frame, however, the bells again fell into disuse due to a lack of interest from local ringer groups who much preferred the eight bell peal of St Mary's church in nearby Penzance. The bells soon became unringable. The bells were restored between 1990 and 2001 due to the efforts of Chris Venn, and the first phase of restoration completed in February 1991 with the rehanging of the original four bells. These were additionally augmented by two further bells cast at the Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London after a successful nationwide campaign raised the necessary £80,000 that was supported by the wife of the then Prime Minister Norma Major, bringing the total to six [3]. Bells are now rung regularly by an enthusiastic group from the village.

[edit] References