The Tonight Show
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| The Tonight Show | |
|---|---|
 First Lady Laura Bush and Jay Leno. |
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| Format | Talk show, Variety show |
| Created by | Sylvester L. Weaver Jr. |
| Starring | Jay Leno (1992–present) Johnny Carson (1962–1992) Jack Paar (1957–1962) Steve Allen (1954–1957) |
| Country of origin | United States |
| No. of episodes | 4,531 (under Carson) 3,489 (under Leno) as of February 1, 2008 |
| Production | |
| Running time | varies |
| Broadcast | |
| Original channel | NBC |
| Picture format | 1080i HDTV (since 1999) |
| Original run | September 27, 1954 – present |
| External links | |
| IMDb profile | |
The Tonight Show is NBC's long-running American late-night talk and variety show which has been hosted by Jay Leno since 1992. Now in its 54th season, The Tonight Show is the third longest-running entertainment program in U.S. television history (after the soap opera Guiding Light and Hallmark Hall of Fame).
The Tonight Show can date its origins to a local New York program called Broadway Open House, which started in 1950; its format can be traced to New York show hosted by Steve Allen and which premiered in 1953 on what is now WNBC-TV.
The longest-serving host to date was American comedian Johnny Carson who held sway over a 30-year run as the host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.
Contents |
[edit] History
[edit] Steve Allen
The original host of Tonight was Steve Allen. Thanks to his popularity on this program, he was given his own primetime Sunday series, leading him to share Tonight hosting duties with Ernie Kovacs during the 1956–1957 season. While Allen prepared his Sunday comedy-variety show, Kovacs hosted Tonight on Monday and Tuesday nights. Kovacs had his own announcer and bandleader, separate from Allen's. Allen's announcer was Gene Rayburn, who went on to greater fame as host of Match Game.
During the later Steve Allen years, regular audience member Miss Miller became such an integral part, she was forced to join AFTRA, the television/radio performers union.
[edit] First Show change
Steve Allen (and Ernie Kovacs) departed Tonight in January 1957. NBC had ordered Allen to give up the Tonight hosting duties, wanting him to concentrate all his efforts on his Sunday night variety program, hoping to combat CBS's Ed Sullivan Show's dominance of the Sunday night ratings. Rather than continuing with the same format after Allen and Kovacs' departure from Tonight, NBC changed the show's format to a news and features show, similar to that of the network's popular morning program Today. The new show, renamed Tonight! America After Dark, was hosted first by Jack Lescoulie and then by Al "Jazzbo" Collins, with interviews conducted by Hy Gardner, and music provied by the Lou Stein Trio. Unfortunately this new version of the show was not popular, and in fact a good number of NBC affiliates dropped the show.
[edit] Jack Paar
In July 1957, NBC scrapped the news and features format, returning the program to a talk/variety show format once again, with Jack Paar becoming the new sole host of the show. Under Paar, most all of the NBC affiliates which had dropped the show during the ill-fated run of America After Dark began airing the show once again. Paar's era began the practice of branding the series after the host, and as such the program, though officially still called The Tonight Show, was marketed as The Jack Paar Show. Paar also introduced the idea of having guest hosts; one of these early hosts was Johnny Carson.
On February 11, 1960, Jack Paar famously walked off his show for a month after NBC censors edited out a segment, taped the night before, about a joke involving a "W.C." (water closet, a polite term for a flush toilet) being confused for a "wayside chapel." As he left his desk, he said, "I am leaving The Tonight Show. There must be a better way of making a living than this." Paar's abrupt departure left his startled announcer, Hugh Downs, to finish the broadcast himself.
Paar returned to the show on March 7, 1960, strolled on stage, struck a pose, and said, "As I was saying before I was interrupted..." After the audience erupted in applause, Paar continued, "When I walked off, I said there must be a better way of making a living. Well I've looked and there isn't."
The W.C. joke that caused the controversy involved an English lady visiting Switzerland. She asked about the location of the "W.C." The Swiss misunderstood her as talking about the Wayside Chapel, and left her a note that said (in part) "the W.C. is situated nine miles from the room that you will occupy... It is capable of holding about 229 people and it is only open on Sunday and Thursday... It may interest you to know that my daughter was married in the W.C. and it was there that she met her husband... I shall be delighted to reserve the best seat for you, if you wish, where you will be seen by everyone."
[edit] Second Show Change
Jack Paar left the show in March of 1962, and Johnny Carson was chosen as his successor. For contractual reasons, Carson could not take over as host until October 1, 1962, and the months between Paar and Carson were taken by a series of guest hosts, including Groucho Marx. The show was broadcast under the title The Tonight Show during this interregnum.
[edit] Johnny Carson
Marx introduced Carson as the new host on October 1. For all but a few months of its first decade on the air, Carson's "Tonight Show" was based in New York. In May of 1972 the show moved to Burbank, California, (although it was announced as coming from nearby Hollywood) for the remainder of his tenure. Announcer Ed McMahon was Carson's sidekick throughout his time with the program.
[edit] Jay Leno
Johnny Carson retired on May 22, 1992, and was replaced by current host Jay Leno amid mild controversy. David Letterman not only wanted to move into that earlier time slot from his late night spot after The Tonight Show, but was considered by Carson and others as the natural successor (despite Leno having been Carson's permanent guest host for several years). In the years following Carson's retirement until his death in 2005, he never appeared as a guest on Leno's The Tonight Show. Letterman, having had his heart set on the earlier time slot, eventually left NBC and joined CBS. Late Show with David Letterman, airing in the same slot, has been competing head to head against Leno's The Tonight Show ever since. Conan O'Brien slid into the late night time slot vacated by Letterman, and has himself enjoyed success.
Unlike Carson and Paar before him, Leno has been a "full-time" host, maintaining a five-day-a-week schedule and only rarely utilizing guest hosts during the 15-plus years of his tenure.
[edit] Conan O'Brien
On September 27, 2004, the 50th anniversary of the show's premiere, NBC announced that Jay Leno will be succeeded by O'Brien in 2009. It was then that Leno explained that he did not want to see a repeat of the hard feelings and controversy that occurred following Carson's retirement when he was given the show instead of Letterman. It has also been speculated that NBC asked Leno to do this so that Conan would not accept a more lucrative offer. It was rumored that at the time of the announcement ABC was talking to Conan about possibly replacing Jimmy Kimmel.
Carson died on January 23, 2005. Leno, now the last living host of The Tonight Show, paid tribute to Carson soon after.
It was announced that The Tonight Show will be moving from its studios in Burbank to a new all-digital studio at Universal Studios Hollywood, when Conan O'Brien takes over in 2009.
Since the announcement of the 2009 move, Jay Leno has expressed an unwillingness to leave his spot. Sources say he could also move to ABC or FOX to host a new late-night show. [1]
[edit] Music and announcers
Music for the series is provided by The Tonight Show Band, led since 1995 by Kevin Eubanks, who replaced Leno's original musical director, Branford Marsalis. On March 29, 2004, the long-time announcer Edd Hall was replaced by John Melendez, whose acting credentials included The Howard Stern Show and I'm a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here!. Stern accused Leno of hiring Melendez due to his association with The Howard Stern Show as a ratings move to capture the lagging 18-25 male demographic [2]. - - Skitch Henderson was the band leader during the Steve Allen and early Carson years, followed briefly by Milton DeLugg (who later went on to become the musical director of The Gong Show). Gene Rayburn served as Allen's announcer and sidekick and also guest-hosted some episodes. The Lou Stein Trio provided musical accompaniment during the short run of Tonight: America After Dark, which ran for seven months between the Steve Allen and Jack Paar eras of the Tonight Show. Jose Melis led the band for Jack Paar, and Hugh Downs was his announcer. For most of Johnny Carson's run on the show, the Tonight Show's band, then called "The NBC Orchestra" was led by Doc Severinsen, former trumpet soloist in Henderson's band for Steve Allen. - - When McMahon was away from the show, Severinsen was the substitute announcer and Tommy Newsom would lead the band. On the rare occasions that both McMahon and Severinsen were away, Newsom would take the announcer's chair and the band would be led by assistant musical director Shelly Cohen. - - Severinsen's band featured several accomplished sidemen in addition to saxophonist Newsom, including trumpeter Snooky Young, pianist Ross Tompkins, and drummer Ed Shaughnessy. The band frequently appeared on camera in the "Stump the Band" segments, where an audience member would dare the band to play some obscure song title, and the band would comically improvise something appropriate. The routine was played for full comedy value and the band was not really expected to know the songs, but on two occasions the band did answer correctly, much to the maestro's surprise. Severinsen was heard to ask incredulously, "You mean we actually...!"
[edit] Milestones
- When the show began it was broadcast live. On January 12, 1959, it began to be videotaped earlier the same broadcast day, although initially the Thursday night programs were kept live.[3]
- The show was first broadcast in color on September 19, 1960.[4]
- The Tonight Show actually began airing at 11:15 PM from its beginning until the late 1960s when Johnny Carson insisted that start time be changed to 11:30. In those early days most local news broadcasts were 15-minutes and had very few commercials, which is why the Tonight Show started at 11:15 PM. As more and more affiliates expanded their local news programs to 30 minutes, the show was required to do two openings, one for the affiliates that joined at 11:15 and another for those who joined at 11:30. This required those joining at 11:15 to watch two openings. By the time that Carson insisted that the start be changed to 11:30, very few affiliates were still carrying that first fifteen minutes.
- The Tonight Show became the first American television show to broadcast with MTS stereo sound in 1984, although sporadically. Regular use of MTS began in 1985.
- On April 26, 1999, the show started broadcasting in 1080i HDTV, becoming the first American nightly talk show to be shot in that format.
[edit] Hosts
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[edit] Schedule
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[edit] Gag, skit, and segment highlights
- "Man on the Street interviews" (Allen). Frequently featured actors as recurring characters, most notably Don Knotts, Louis Nye and Tom Poston, though Allen also performed impromptu bits with non-professional civilians.
- "Crazy Shots" (Allen). Later known as *"Wild Pictures." Allen's supporting cast and guest stars would participate in quick visual gags while Allen played piano accompaniment.
- "Candid Camera" (Paar). The off-again, on-again show, hosted by Allen Funt since radio's heyday, was a segment on The Tonight Show in 1958.[5]
- "Stump the Band" (Paar, later Carson). Audience members are asked to name an obscure song and the band tries to play it. If the band doesn't know the song, it usually breaks into a comical piece of music.
- "Carnac the Magnificent" (Carson). Carson plays a psychic who is given sealed envelopes (that McMahon invariably states, with a flourish, have been kept "hermetically sealed inside a mayonnaise jar underneath Funk & Wagnalls' porch since noon today"). Carnac holds an envelope to his head and recites the punchline to a joke contained within the envelope, then rips open the envelope and reads the matching question inside. Sample: "Saucepan... Who was Peter Pan's wino brother?" If a joke falls flat with the audience, Carnac invariably passes a comedic curse upon them (e.g., "May a bloated yak change the temperature of your jacuzzi!").
- The Tea Time Movie, with "Art Fern" (Carson) and the Matinée Lady (originally Paula Prentiss, then a parade of one shots including Edy Williams, Juliet Prowse and Lee Meredith, then for many years Carol Wayne, then Danuta Wesley, and finally Teresa Ganzel). Carson once said that Art Fern was his favorite character: "He's so sleazy!" Huckster Art usually wore a loud suit, lavish toupee, and pencil mustache, and spoke in the high, nasal approximation of Jackie Gleason's "Reginald van Gleason III" character. A parody of 1950s-style, fast-talking advertising pitchmen, the Tea Time Movie consists of a rapid-fire series of fake advertisements for products and companies sponsoring a late-night movie. Invariably the jokes refer to his buxom Matinée Lady assistant, and at least once in every skit a variation of the "Slauson Cutoff" joke is made (e.g., "You can find our store by heading down Hwy. 101 until you get to the Slauson Cutoff. Get out of the car, cut off your slauson, get back in the car."), as is a reference to "Drive until you get to... (a map is unfolded to reveal a table fork) the fork in the road!" Art would then return us to today's movie (like "Tarzan and Cheetah Have to Get Married" or "Rin Tin Tin Gets Fixed Fixed Fixed," etc.), followed by an antique. four-second film clip. Back to Art, caught necking with the Matinée Lady before announcing another movie and another commercial.
- "Headlines" (Allen, later Leno)
[edit] International broadcasts
| Country | TV Network(s) | Weekly Schedule (local time) |
|---|---|---|
 Australia |
The Comedy Channel | Weeknights 11pm eastern, 10:30pm central, 9pm western |
 Canada |
A-Channel | Weeknights 11:35 PM EST |
 Europe |
CNBC Europe | |
 India |
Zee Cafe | |
 Portugal |
SIC Mulher (as Jay Leno) | |
 Romania |
Antena 3 (as Jay Leno Show) | Weeknights 12:25 AM |
 Sweden |
Kanal 5 (as Jay Leno Show) |
The Tonight Show is also seen around the world. It is broadcast on CNBC Europe, usually three nights after it has been shown in the U.S. The show is screened at 11:00pm AEDST weeknights on The Comedy Channel in Australia, where new episodes are shown hours after its American broadcast. In Sweden, Kanal 5 has shown The Tonight Show (as Jay Leno Show) since the late '90s with one week's delay. Since October, 2006, it is also being aired in India on Zee Cafe 12 hours after the show is shown in the USA. [6]
An early attempt at airing the show in the United Kingdom during the 1980s was unsuccessful, sparking jokes by Carson. On the October 23, 1984 broadcast, guest Paul McCartney had this to say of the show's British run:
Carson: (throwing to commercial) ...we have to pay some bills here. It's not like British television which just goes and goes till they end it. McCartney: Oh you're just mad because they didn't like your show.
Shows such as Des O'Connor Tonight and Wogan were considered by many to be the UK equivalent of the show.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ "la-fi-leno", The Los Angeles Times, 25 October. Retrieved on 2008-03-11.
- ^ MarksFriggin.com - Stern Show News - Archive
- ^ "Paar Set On Tape", The Washington Post, Jan. 11, 1959, p. G3. "Visitors to the TV Studios", New York Times, Feb. 22, 1959, p. X14.
- ^ "Hollywood Tie-Line", The Washington Post, Sept. 18, 1960, p. H5.
- ^ Candid Camera Online!
- ^ Essel Group Corporate Communications & Information Services of ZEE Convergence Group
[edit] External links
- Tonight! (1953) at the Internet Movie Database
- Tonight! America After Dark (1957) at the Internet Movie Database
- The Jack Paar Show (1957) at the Internet Movie Database
- The Tonight Show interregnum (1962) at the Internet Movie Database
- The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962) at the Internet Movie Database
- The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (1992) at the Internet Movie Database
- The Tonight Show from the Museum of Broadcast Communications website
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