The Third Manifesto

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The Third Manifesto (1995) is Christopher J. Date's and Hugh Darwen's proposal for future relational database management systems that would avoid 'Object-Relational Impedance Mismatch' between object-oriented programming languages and RDBMSs by fully supporting all the capabilities of the relational model.

The Third Manifesto describes a simple, restricted and precise definition of the role of object orientation in database management systems emphasizing the few valid ideas from object modeling that are orthogonal to relational modeling. One of the major tasks has been to illustrate ways in which SQL represents an inadequate reflection of the relational model.

It illustrates the relational model using their own database language, Tutorial D, for which there are several partial implementations, including:

Tutorial D is the example instantiation of a "D" which is is the set of requirements for a language defined by the 3rd Manifesto. There is at least one other (currently partial) "D" implementation Muldis D and a DBMS implementation of it in the Perl language Muldis Rosetta.

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It has been published as a paper and as two different editions of the same book ISBN 0-201-70928-7, with http://www.thethirdmanifesto.com/ holding errata and related materials.

A third revision of the book was published in 2006; it has been retitled Databases, Types and the Relational Model, 3/E (ISBN 0-321-39942-0).

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