The Rush Limbaugh Show

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The Rush Limbaugh Show
Genre	Talk show
Running time	3 hours
Country	United States
Air dates	1988 to present
Opening theme	My City Was Gone
Website rushlimbaugh.com

The Rush Limbaugh Show (also referred to as the Excellence in Broadcasting Network, or the EIB Network) is an American radio show hosted by Rush Limbaugh on Premiere Radio Networks. Since its inception in 1988, The Rush Limbaugh Show has become the highest-rated talk-radio show in the United States.

Contents 1 Show airtime 1.1 Notable guests 1.2 Theme song issue 1.3 Parodies 1.3.1 George Soros ads 1.3.2 Environmentalist wacko picks 2 Program staff 3 Stand-ins for Limbaugh 3.1 Recent substitute hosts 3.2 Former substitute hosts 4 Holidays 5 Jargon 6 Updates 7 Show history 7.1 Radio syndication 8 Rushlimbaugh.com 9 Dan's Bake Sale 10 Armed Forces Radio controversy 11 Operation Chaos 12 See also 13 References 14 External links 14.1 Official links

[edit] Show airtime

The Rush Limbaugh Show airs on a network of approximately 590 AM and FM affiliate stations throughout the United States. Limbaugh also hosts his own Internet streaming audio and video broadcast, through Streamlink, at http://www.rushlimbaugh.com. This broadcast is ostensibly restricted to members of Limbaugh's “Rush 24/7” service, but can also be heard live through various radio stations online such as New York's WABC.^[1] Premiere Radio Networks, a division of Clear Channel Communications, owns distribution rights to the program. The program is not heard on any stations in Canada, although stations along the northern border of the United States (including WJR, WBEN and WEAV) give the show coverage in much of southern Canada.

The show airs live on weekdays from noon to 3 p.m. ET (though a small number stations air it on tape delay; for example, WISN in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin area airs it one hour late). A full listing of stations and airtimes is available on Limbaugh's website at [1]. It is aired from wherever Limbaugh happens to be, either from WABC in New York City (the traditional flagship) or from a studio in his home in Palm Beach County, Florida (near Clear Channel radio station WJNO). Limbaugh also produces a "Morning Update," a 90-second monologue recorded after the show that airs on many of Limbaugh's stations the next morning.

An official weekend edition of the program, consisting of "best of" clips from the weekday show entitled The Rush Limbaugh Week in Review, launched in January 2008.

[edit] Notable guests

In 1992, President George H. W. Bush made an appearance on Limbaugh's show.^{[citation needed]}

Charlton Heston called into the show in 1995 to read from Michael Crichton's book Jurassic Park.^{[citation needed]}

President George W. Bush has appeared no less than three times on the program. In 2004, he “called in” to a live broadcast during the week of the 2004 Republican National Convention to give a preview of his nomination acceptance speech. He called in again in 2006, and for a third time in 2008 during Limbaugh's "cure-a-thon" fundraiser for leukemia and lymphoma research.^{[citation needed]}

Vice President Dick Cheney has made more than one appearance.^{[citation needed]}

In 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger called in to a live broadcast of the show a day after having called Limbaugh "irrelevant;" adding, "I'm not his servant. I'm the people's servant of California," on an appearance on NBC's Today show.^[2]

Other notable guests on Limbaugh's show include former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, rejected Supreme Court nominee Robert Bork, economist Thomas Sowell, and television writer Joel Surnow, who took calls about events in his show, 24. In December 2006, Sylvester Stallone made an appearance on the show to discuss his upcoming movie Rocky Balboa.^{[citation needed]} On February 27, 2004, actor Jim Caviezel called into the program to discuss the Passion of the Christ film, in which Caviezel played the role of Jesus Christ.^{[citation needed]}

Limbaugh has also had author and Washington Times columnist Bill Gertz on his show to discuss Gertz's books as well as national security issues.^{[citation needed]} In 2007, Limbaugh (among numerous other hosts) interviewed Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas^{[citation needed]} and was the first to interview Tony Snow after his departure from his post as White House press secretary.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Theme song issue

Almost from the start of his program, Limbaugh used an edited and looped version of the powerful instrumental riff from The Pretenders' “My City Was Gone” as the theme to his show.

When a landmark copyright case was decided in the 1990s, musical artists gained control over their works when performed thematically. Briefly in 1999, Limbaugh was forced to suspend playing the song while negotiating with Hynde's attorneys. Hynde decided to allow Limbaugh to use it, with Limbaugh paying Hynde approximately $500,000/year which she donates to the animal rights organization PETA. Hynde explained that she doesn't agree with Limbaugh but her parents are big fans.^[3]

[edit] Parodies

Sometimes The Rush Limbaugh Show will air political parodies from voice humorist Paul Shanklin, in conjunction with a variety of political news examined on the show. These satires range from parodies of well known songs to audio skits in which the voices of politicians are imitated by Shanklin. Such contributions from Paul Shanklin have been aired on the show since 1993. From 1993 through 1997 over 36 parodies by attorney/writer/musician Paul Silhan, including take-offs on Bob Dylan tunes referred to by Limbaugh as the "Bob Zimmerman" songs, were also played on his show. Bob Zimmerman is the birth name of Bob Dylan. Paul Silhan created his parodies by writing and then recording all the voices and instruments himself using simul-synch recording techniques. The six albums of Silhan's Limbaugh parodies are available on the Web.

As with most commercial radio programming, The Rush Limbaugh Show has slots allotted for the local affiliates to fill with news segments, weather, and local commercials. The “Rush 24/7” live internet broadcast of the show usually fills these time slots with Shanklin's parodies.

[edit] George Soros ads

Voiced by Johnny Donovan, these are mock commercials that parody left-wing 527 groups like Moveon.org by launching absurd and humorous attacks against conservatives already targeted by such organizations. They are almost always ended by “Paid for by George Soros and crazy friends of Nancy Pelosi,” "Paid for by George Soros and longshoremen that walk like Hillary Clinton," or some similar phrase. The most recent of this is a "Public Service Announcement" mocking conservative voters who planned to stay home during the 2006 midterm elections, and ends by saying "Paid for by George Soros. If I had known this would work, I wouldn't have wasted my money on Sheehan."

[edit] Environmentalist wacko picks

Limbaugh will occasionally perform a comedic bit called “environmentalist wacko picks” on his last show prior to the weekend during the NFL season. He predicts the outcome of upcoming football games based on how an "environmentalist wacko" would assess the teams' mascots. The mascot that is the least offensive to an "environmentalist wacko" is the projected winner. For example, the Philadelphia Eagles would always be favored over the New York Jets, the Denver Broncos would always be favored over the Pittsburgh Steelers, the Carolina Panthers would always be favored over the New England Patriots and Chicago Bears would always be favored over the Kansas City Chiefs.

[edit] Program staff

"Bo" Snerdly

The official "program observer." His real name is James Golden, and his exact duties with the program are unclear. From comments Limbaugh has made on the air, it would seem he assists with research as part of preparation for the show and is in the control booth as the show is being broadcast. He co-hosted a Sunday night talk show, James and Joel, on WABC-AM with Joel Santisteban from 1992 to 1998. He is also the former call screener for The Rush Limbaugh Show. Snerdley is a pseudonym Limbaugh invented for his call screeners in general, and several have been called so over the years, both male and female. During a show in 2004, Limbaugh was not at the microphone for the last segment of the second hour (it was only about ten seconds), and Snerdly came on instead: "This is Bo Snerdly, Rush will be right back on the EIB Network." It was one of the very rare times his voice has been heard on the program. "Bo" Snerdly screens callers at the Palm Beach Florida broadcasting location and in New York City (when "H.R." is unavailable to screen calls in NYC). In February 2008, Snerdly was appointed by Limbaugh as the show's Official Criticizer of Barack Obama: "certified black enough to criticize"^[4].

Koko

The Rush 24/7 Internet site webmaster. This is a nickname, given by Limbaugh when Koko put a gorilla suit on for a gag on Limbaugh's TV show. His real name is George Prayias.

Brian

EIB network broadcast engineer, replaced Altamont.

Dawn

Transcribes caller comments onto a computer screen to aid Limbaugh, who hears via a cochlear implant and therefore can sometimes have difficulties clearly understanding callers

Haldeman R. “Kit” Carson

“Chief of staff”. Also known as “H.R.”. Screens calls when Limbaugh broadcasts from New York City.

Altamont

Apparently new to the EIB Network, his duties consist of call screening and board operations, and serving as backup when the others are out or unavailable. Left the show in Spring 2006.

Johnny Donovan

Program announcer. He sometimes voices some of Paul Shanklin's parodies.

[edit] Stand-ins for Limbaugh

Every so often, Limbaugh is absent from his show, whether for various personal reasons or because of extended trips. For instance, in early 2005, Limbaugh took a week-long trip to Afghanistan to report on postwar conditions; he's also participated in various celebrity pro-am golf events, especially when he represents his parent company, Clear Channel. On those occasions, Limbaugh allows “EIB certified talkshow hosts” to fill in for him. Typically, these hosts are well-known conservatives, and since Clear Channel acquired the network which syndicates the program, they have usually been Clear Channel radio hosts.

[edit] Recent substitute hosts

Jason Lewis

Host of Radio Free Minnesota, a radio show on KTLK-FM 100.3 in the Twin Cities, Minnesota. He first substituted as host of the show on August 30, 2007 and has since become one of the most frequently used substitute hosts.

Mark Davis

Host of The Mark Davis Show, a talk show on WBAP in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, Texas. First substitute hosted on March 3, 2008.

Mark Belling

Host of The Mark Belling Late Afternoon show, a radio show on WISN in Milwaukee.

Mike Rosen

Host of a radio show on KOA in Denver during the University of Colorado at Boulder controversy with former professor Ward Churchill.

Paul W. Smith

Talk show host from WJR in Detroit, Michigan. He first substituted as host of the show on December 13, 2005.

Mark Steyn

A Canadian journalist, columnist, and film and theatre critic.

Dr. Walter E. Williams

Economics professor, strong proponent of laissez-faire capitalism, and former chairman of the Economics Department at George Mason University in Virginia. He normally only hosts on Fridays, likely due to schedule conflicts and is a fan favorite.

[edit] Former substitute hosts

By general rule, a person who currently has a national radio show is not eligible to substitute host on the program. (An exception to this was when Matt Drudge guest hosted during Limbaugh's stay in rehab.)

Matt Drudge

Editor of the Drudge Report and (at the time) host of his own Sunday night Clear Channel talk program. He hosted only twice during the 2003 drug controversy. His recent retirement from his Sunday night show makes him eligible to guest host the show again, and Drudge has stated that he will do substitute hosting in the future, although he has not specifically cited Limbaugh's show.

Sean Hannity

Co-host of Fox News' political debate show Hannity and Colmes, but Hannity has not subbed since his radio show became nationally syndicated in 2001.

Roger Hedgecock

Former mayor of San Diego, California, and a talk radio host at Clear Channel talk station KOGO there. He was, as of 2007, the most used stand-in, and was also a fan favorite. The launch of Hedgecock's national show officially brings an end to Hedgecock's guest hosting for Limbaugh's show.

Tony Snow

Former White House Press Secretary for President George W. Bush. He sometimes guest hosted during the 1990s before launching his own show on Fox News Talk. Snow, like Drudge, is once again eligible to return as a guest host if he does not return to a national radio show. Limbaugh, in his interview with Snow in 2007, has invited him to guest host.

Tom Sullivan

Talk show host on KFBK in Sacramento, California, who is also a financial advisor for Wachovia Securities, and the business news editor for KFBK. Limbaugh hosted his talk show locally on KFBK before going to New York City. He has not hosted in several years; the fact that he has taken his KFBK show national with Fox News Radio would prevent him from guest hosting on the show for the foreseeable future.

Michael Medved

He was substitute host from 1993 - 1998, when he got his own nationally syndicated radio show.

[edit] Holidays

When Limbaugh is absent and no substitute is available, most frequently on major holidays such as Thanksgiving or Christmas, a "Best of" show will air.

In addition, a portion of the show on the day before each Thanksgiving is always set aside for what Limbaugh has dubbed "The Real Story of Thanksgiving." During this segment, Limbaugh reads from a section of his book "See, I Told You So" regarding the first few years of the Mayflower crew in Plymouth Colony. Limbaugh asserts, based upon excerpts from the personal journal of William Bradford, that the pilgrims had attempted to set up an early form of communism in the colony but failed, and when the colony went to a free enterprise system the colony began to thrive. Limbaugh claims that the Indians were largely irrelevant to the situation. In addition, Limbaugh also reads from President George Washington's 1789 National Thanksgiving Proclamation.

In the event that Limbaugh cannot broadcast on the day before Thanksgiving (as occurred in 2006), a substitute host will read the excerpt.

[edit] Jargon

Main article: Jargon of The Rush Limbaugh Show

Limbaugh uses his own on-air jargon, some of which he invented and some of which he merely popularized.

[edit] Updates

Updates are comedy routines done by Limbaugh on his radio program. Each discusses an issue about a different person or group with whom he disagrees, often accompanied by a recent news story (hence the name "update"). While still part of the program, they are featured much less frequently than in the early to mid-1990s. The Update is always accompanied by a theme song, usually played at full length.

They should not be confused with the "Rush Limbaugh Morning Update," a ninety second commentary that airs weekday mornings on his affiliated stations.

Homeless Update: The earliest of updates has Clarence "Frogman" Henry sing "Ain't Got No Home" about a lonely homeless frog.

Global Warming Update: This is the most-recently added of the updates using several songs on a somewhat rotational basis. Initially, "Fire" by Arthur Brown was used as the theme. This was the source of great controversy when the update was first introduced because of the popularity of other songs with "heat" or "fire" references. Limbaugh defended his decision citing the lyrics saying, "My favorite is still 'Fire' by The Crazy World of Arthur Brown. It has everything: Chaos, fear, threats, death. Burn, burn, burn!" The current version of the song used on the show contains audio from The Wizard of Oz in which the Wicked Witch of the West says, "I'm melting, melting," "oh, what a world, what a world," and "look what you've done."

Four themes were later added to the rotation featuring Paul Shanklin impersonating Al Gore. These are parodies of Johnny Cash's "Ring of Fire" called "Ball of Fire," Louis Armstrong's "What a Wonderful World" called "What a Horrible World," the Bee Gees's "I Started A Joke" called "I Started A Joke," and of the Christmas classic "Winter Wonderland" called "Global Warming Wonderland." All feature lyrics lampooning global warming and Al Gore himself.

John Edwards Update: This update is preceded by having former U.S. Senator John Edwards (known to listeners as "the Breck Girl") singing I Am Woman. A New York Sun columnist said that Edwards could be the first female president[2].

Animal Rights Update: Features the "Born Free" song mixed with gunfire and animal sounds.

Sexual Harassment Update: Features one of two songs. The first is "My Eyes Adored You" by Frankie Valli and the other is "Can't Take My Eyes Off You" by Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons. The first is referred to Limbaugh as "My Hands Explored You" and the latter is referenced as "Can't Take My Hands Off You."

On a recent update on October 2, 2007, Limbaugh commented during the song, "Who would ever pretend being married? The real thing is bad enough."

Feminist Update: Prefaced by The Forrester Sisters (who attended Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia) singing, "Men" amid a progressively distorted voice saying, "We're fierce, we're feminists, and we're in your face", with accompanying laughter. The update theme has been changed three times; the original theme song was "Born a Woman" by Sandy Posey (see below). In 1991, in the midst of controversy with country singer Holly Dunn and allegations that her song "Maybe I Mean Yes" from her new release Milestones promoted date rape, Limbaugh began using the song as the update theme. In 1992, the current theme was adopted, and was used for both radio and television.

Gorbasm (Gorbachev Update): Another early update, using the "Imperial March / Darth Vader Theme" by John Williams from Star Wars. Updates were not only about Gorbachev, but also about the reaction of the American Left to Gorbachev - i.e., the "Gorbasm", that joyful feeling that Gorbachev's actions gave them. Apparently, the use of the "Imperial March/Darth Vader Theme" is used because of Ronald Reagan's referring to the Soviet Union as the evil empire.

Jerry Brown Update: Used heavily in 1992. Featured the Linda Ronstadt song "You're No Good". Ronstadt was once Jerry Brown's girlfriend.

Kennedy Update: Two different updates.

• The first features an old Paul Shanklin song prefacing the update. Song is a parody of "The Wanderer" called "The Philanderer", done in Senator Ted Kennedy's voice. At one time (1998) a soap opera organ style instrumental prefaced this update directed at the Kennedy Clan.
• Early in 2005, Limbaugh introduced a new Kennedy Update, featuring another Paul Shanklin song called "Osama Obama" set to the tune of the Mexican folk song "La Bamba" (the latter famously recorded by Ritchie Valens and Los Lobos). This was inspired by a news interview in which Kennedy inadvertently called Barack Obama "Osama Obama".

McCain Update: Moderate Republican Senator John McCain's update is prefaced by song by Paul Shanklin in John McCain's voice (2001) called "Double Talk on the Wild Side"

Barney Frank Update: Barney Frank was alleged to have been in a pedophilia-related scandal; thus "My Boy Lollipop" prefaces this.

Ross Perot Update: During Perot's political heyday in the 1990s, this update featured Shanklin impersonating Perot in a parody of the Napoleon XIV novelty song "They're Coming to Take Me Away Ha-Haaa!"

Timber Update: The Jackyl song "The Lumberjack", which features a chain saw solo, prefaces this.

Homosexual Community Update: Has an Eighties version of "You Don't Own Me" done by Klaus Nomi, one of the first celebrities to die of AIDS.

AIDS Update: Limbaugh featured Dionne Warwick's rendition of "I Know I'll Never Love This Way Again" as his AIDS Update theme song.

Liberal Update: Rarely done, it has the song "Gimme Dat Ding" to characterize the Robin Hood attitude he believes that liberals have.

Hillary Update: Of Hillary Rodham Clinton, Senator of New York, it has "Born a Woman" by Sandy Posey from the Sixties. That was also the original Feminist Update theme, until it was replaced in 1991 by "Maybe I Mean Yes" (see above).

SUV Update: Paul Shanklin song "In a Yugo" (a sendup of the Elvis Presley classic "In the Ghetto") is used as a prelude to any news update involving sport utility vehicles, particularly if the news update in question seems to personify the SUV, such as the headline "SUV crashes into storefront".

Peace Update: Limbaugh featured Slim Whitman's rendition of "Una Paloma Blanca" accompanied with explosions as his Peace Update theme. This was Mr. Limbaugh's first use of an Update Theme.

John Kerry Update: "Bad Vibrations" -- a parody of the Beach Boys "Good Vibrations." In response to Kerry's usage of the phrase "Help is on the way" during his nomination speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention, Limbaugh started using the Mighty Mouse theme song, "Here I come to save the day!"

Tom Daschle Update: A voice actor impersonates Tom Daschle as having his own radio show with limited advertisements. Often PSAs are heard along with whacky liberal callers.

Condom Update: "Up, Up and Away" (My Beautiful Balloon) by The Fifth Dimension

All updates started with Limbaugh saying, "Daddalup Daddalup Daddalup" (borrowed from "Superjock" Larry Lujack, who preceded his "Klunk Letter of the Day" with the same verbal fanfare) which he states is a fanfare horn section. The song for the update came next with news particular to the associated genre.

Limbaugh's "Caller Abortion" was not, strictly speaking, an update, as it had no fanfare, only the screams of the caller being aborted.

"Safe Talk", also not strictly an update, is another method with which Limbaugh "illustrates absurdity by being absurd." He applies a condom to the microphone, claiming that once the condom is in place, the listeners are safe from hearing anything that could possibly offend them. He did this to illustrate the point that condoms do not provide absolute guaranteed protection from anything, however, abstinence does.

[edit] Show history

This section details only events which were primarily about the show and not about Limbaugh himself; of course, because Limbaugh and his show are so intertwined, it can be difficult to separate the two. Please see Rush Limbaugh for events in Limbaugh's life which may have impacted the show.

[edit] Radio syndication

In 1984 Limbaugh started as a regular talk show host on AM radio station KFBK in Sacramento, California, after several years of employment with the Kansas City Royals and in the music radio business. He succeeded Morton Downey, Jr. in the time slot.

Based on his work in Sacramento, Limbaugh was signed to a contract by EFM Media Management, headed by former ABC Radio executive Edward McLaughlin. Limbaugh became syndicated on August 1, 1988 through EFM and his show was drawing five million listeners after two years of syndication.^[5]

In 1997, EFM was acquired by Jacor Communications, a publicly traded company.^[6] Later that year, Jacor merged with Premiere Radio Networks.^[7] In 1999, Jacor merged with Clear Channel Communications.^[8] Currently, Clear Channel Communications through its Premiere Radio Networks subsidiary is the syndicator for Limbaugh's radio show.

[edit] Rushlimbaugh.com

The rushlimbaugh.com is a fully interactive Rush Limbaugh store, selling products that Limbaugh markets including a signature line of golf apparel, sporting equipment and novelties. The Rush 24/7 site now includes the Podcast feature, in which subscribers can have daily audio and video of the radio show downloaded directly to their iPod or other MP3 player.

[edit] Dan's Bake Sale

Dan's Bake Sale was possibly the largest spontaneous grassroots political event ever to occur in the United States.^{[citation needed]}

The initial idea for Dan's Bake Sale was conceived on the The Rush Limbaugh Show in 1993. One caller, "Dan" from Fort Collins, Colorado, told Rush Limbaugh that he was photocopying a coworker's subscription to the Limbaugh Letter, Rush's monthly magazine that covers current events. The reason was that Dan's wife was not a fan of the show, and would not allocate the funds needed from the family budget to subscribe to the Letter. Limbaugh light-heartedly informed Dan that he disapproves his photocopying printed material, and offhandedly suggested that Dan organize a bake sale to raise funds for a subscription, spoofing then-recent bake sales to raise funds to reduce the national debt.

After Dan's call ended, the next caller to the show noted that he felt Rush was a bit harsh, and that he intended to attend Dan's Bake Sale. Rush again dismissed the topic. The next caller noted that he would like to attend Dan's Bake Sale. Rush repeatedly announced they would take no more "bake sale" calls but the gig was on and everyone calling in for the next week or so put in a plug for Dan's Bake Sale.

Limbaugh never seriously proposed a Bake Sale and neither did "Dan." But the landslide of support for Dan and his bake sale was on. Eventually, some 80,000 people from all over the United States and as far away as Australia showed up in Fort Collins for Dan's Bake Sale.^{[citation needed]} Jay Leno even made jokes about it on The Tonight Show.

Limbaugh did attend, and had a brief presentation, giving Dan his first issue of his subscription.

Dan considered making it an annual event, but agreed with Limbaugh's assessment that the original just could never again be replicated.

[edit] Armed Forces Radio controversy

On May 26, 2004, the article “Rush's Forced Conscripts” appeared on the online news and opinion magazine Salon.com.^[9] The article discussed the controversy surrounding the fact that American Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS), (which describes itself as “[providing] stateside radio and television programming, 'a touch of home', to U.S. service men and women, DoD civilians, and their families serving outside the continental United States”)^{[citation needed]}, carries the first hour of Limbaugh's show. Melvin Russell, director of AFRTS, defended Limbaugh's presence, by pointing to Limbaugh's high ratings in the US: “We look at the most popular shows broadcast here in the United States and try to mirror that. [Limbaugh] is the No. 1 talk show host in the States; there's no question about that. Because of that we provide him on our service.”^{[citation needed]} In addition, AFRTS produced a ballot of radio and television shows asking troops worldwide, "Who do you want that we don't at present carry?"Template:Fat The Rush Limbaugh Show was not listed on the ballot, but won the vote as a write-in by the troops.^{[citation needed]} A later poll by Lund Media Research found that a majority of soldiers preferred that talk show programs be replaced by hip hop and rap stations, bringing into question the future of content such as the Rush Limbaugh Show on AFRTS.^[10]

Critics have pointed out that other programs, such as the eight-million listener per week Howard Stern show, are absent from AFRTS.^{[citation needed]} (This statement was made before Stern left for satellite radio in 2006.) Other claims—for example, that there is no political counterbalance to Limbaugh on AFRTS^{[citation needed]}—have been rebutted by Byron York, a columnist for the predominantly conservative National Review: “American military men and women abroad have access, for example, to the talk show of liberal host Diane Rehm ... Jim Hightower and CBS News anchorman Dan Rather.” Another possible political counterbalance to Limbaugh is Harry Shearer, who emphasizes his presence on AFRTS at the end of every episode of his satirical Le Show.^{[citation needed]}

On June 14, 2004, U.S. Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA) introduced an amendment to the 2004 Defense Authorization bill that called for AFRTS to fulfill its stated goal of providing political balance in its news and public affairs programming.^{[citation needed]} The amendment passed unanimously in the Senate.^{[citation needed]} Limbaugh responded by calling the move “censorship”.^{[citation needed]} On his June 17 radio show, he commented that: “This is a United States senator [Tom Harkin] amending the Defense appropriations bill with the intent being to get this program—only one hour of which is carried on Armed Forces Radio—stripped from that network.”^{[citation needed]} The amendment never became law.^{[citation needed]} As of 2005, the first hour of Limbaugh's show is still on AFRTS.^{[citation needed]} Limbaugh visited US forces in Afghanistan in 2005.^{[citation needed]}

This treatment of The Rush Limbaugh Show proved to set a precedent for Congressional debate on AFRTS content.^{[citation needed]} The Ed Schultz show, a liberal talk radio show with over one million listeners a week,^{[citation needed]} was originally scheduled to be broadcast on AFRTS on October 17, 2005. It was subsequently pulled, with some alleging political motivation, which was later debated in Congress.^{[citation needed]} A few weeks after this debate, AFRTS added Schultz to the line-up along with other talk show hosts: Al Franken and Sean Hannity.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Operation Chaos

Before the Michigan Republican primary in mid-January 2008, Markos Moulitsas of Daily Kos urged Democrats to cross over to vote for Mitt Romney in Michigan in order to lengthen the Republican primary, in which Mike Huckabee and eventual presumptive nominee John McCain were seen by Moulitsas as being in the lead. Moulitsas pointed out that the Democratic National Committee (DNC) stripped the Michigan Democratic Party of all of its 156 delegates, giving Democrats no reason to vote in the Democratic primary. He further stated that this would "return the favor" for times in the past in which "Republican voters in Michigan decided to make a little mischief."^[11] (Ironically, delegates would be reinstated under a compromise based on the results of the Democratic primary.)

In late February 2008, Limbaugh announced the similarly themed "Operation Chaos," a political call to action with the initial plan to have voters of the Republican Party temporarily cross over to vote in the Democratic primary and vote for Hillary Clinton, who at the time was in the midst of losing eleven straight primary contests to Barack Obama. Limbaugh has also cited the open primary process in the early primary states of New Hampshire and South Carolina, which allowed independent voters to cross over into the Republican primaries to choose John McCain over more conservative candidates (such as Fred Thompson), as an inspiration.

At the point in which Limbaugh announced his gambit, Obama had seemed on the verge of clinching the Democratic nomination.^[12] However, Clinton subsequently won the Ohio primary and the Texas primary (while losing the Texas caucus and the overall delegate split) with large pluralities from rural counties; thus reemerging as a competitive opponent in the race.^[13] Statistics released by the state of Texas show Hillary Clinton won the primary due to a large number of Republicans crossing over to vote for her.^{[citation needed]} Whether these voters were Operation Chaos Operatives or simply Republicans who preferred Clinton is impossible to tell.^{[citation needed]}

On March 27, 2008, Limbaugh said "The dream end of this [of Operation Chaos] is that this keeps up to the convention, and that we have a recreation of Chicago 1968 with burning cars, protests, fire, and literal riots and all of that, that is the objective here [of Operation Chaos]."^[14]

On April 29, 2008 Limbaugh declared an "operational pause" in Operation Chaos, saying that Obama's defeat in the 2008 Pennsylvania primary and fallout from statements from Obama ally Reverend Jeremiah Wright could have damaged his campaign to the extent superdelegates would shift to Clinton's side.^[15] Determining Obama had weathered that storm, Limbaugh lifted the pause the next day and renewed his call for his listeners to vote for Clinton in the upcoming Indiana and North Carolina primaries.^[16] Obama won the North Carolina primary^[17] but was narrowly defeated in Indiana, where Clinton won decisively in rural counties that normally vote Republican in presidential elections.^[18]

[edit] See also

• Jargon of The Rush Limbaugh Show

[edit] References

[edit] External links

[edit] Official links

• The Rush Limbaugh Show
• Paul Shanklin
• Website of Paul Silhan

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