The Platters
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The Platters were a successful vocal group of the early rock and roll era. Their distinctive sound was a bridge between the pre-rock Tin Pan Alley tradition, and the burgeoning new genre. The act went through many personnel changes, with the most successful incarnation comprising lead tenor Tony Williams, David Lynch, Paul Robi, Herb Reed, and Zola Taylor.
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[edit] Band formation and early years
The Platters formed in Los Angeles in 1953 and were initially managed by Ralph Bass. The group had a contract with Federal Records but had found little success before meeting music entrepreneur and songwriter Buck Ram. Ram made some changes to the lineup, most notably the addition of lead vocalist Tony Williams and female vocalist Zola Taylor. Under Ram's guidance, the Platters recorded seven singles for Federal in the R&B/gospel style, scoring a few minor regional hits on the West Coast. One song recorded during their Federal tenure, Only You (And You Alone), originally written by Ram for the Ink Spots was deemed unreleasable by the label.[1]
Despite their lack of chart success, the Platters were a profitable touring group--successful enough that The Penguins, coming off their #2 Earth Angel single, asked Ram to manage them as well. With the Penguins in hand, Ram was able to parlay Mercury Records' interest into a 2-for-1 deal. To sign the Penguins, Ram insisted, Mercury also had to take the Platters. Ironically, the Penguins would never have a hit for the label.[citation needed]
What set The Platters apart from other groups of the era was that Ram had the group incorporate. Each member received equal shares of stock, full royalties and their social security was paid thus insuring their future financial security.
[edit] Charting hits
Convinced by his business partner Jean Bennett and singer Tony Williams that "Only You" had potential, Ram had the Platters re-record the song during their first session for Mercury. Released in the summer of 1955, it became the group's first Top Ten hit on the pop charts, and topped the R&B charts for seven weeks. The follow-up, The Great Pretender, with lyrics written in the washroom of the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas, exceeded the success of their debut. It became the Platters' first national #1 hit. The Great Pretender was also the act's biggest R&B hit, with an 11-week run atop that chart. In 1956, The Platters appeared in the first major motion picture based around rock and roll, Rock Around the Clock, and performed both "Only You" and "The Great Pretender".[citation needed]
The Platters' unique vocal style had touched a nerve in the music-buying public, and a string of hit singles followed, including three Hot 100 number one hits. The Platters soon hit upon the successful formula of updating older standards, such as My Prayer, Twilight Time, Harbor Lights, To Each His Own, If I Didn't Care and Jerome Kern's Smoke Gets In Your Eyes. This latter release caused a small controversy after Kern's widow expressed concern that her late husband's composition would be turned into a "rock and roll" record. It topped both the American and British charts in a tasteful Platters-style arrangement. The Platters were also the first rock and roll group to have a Top Ten album in America.
The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in its inaugural year of 1998. The Platters were the only act to have three songs included on the "American Graffiti" soundtrack: "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes", "The Great Pretender" and "Only You (and You Alone)".
[edit] Changing lineup
The group's lineup has changed many times. The original lineup in 1953 included lead vocalist Cornell Gunter, Herb Reed, Alex Hodge, Joe Jefferson, and David Lynch. This lineup changed when the group signed with Ram, who built the group around Tony Williams' distinctive and versatile voice and his ability to bring life to Ram's songs. Within a year, Hodge, Jefferson, and Gunter were out, and Paul Robi, Zola Taylor, and new lead Tony Williams were in. This lineup - the one remembered for the group's biggest and most successful hits - lasted until 1960. At that time Williams left for a solo career, and was replaced by Sonny Turner. Mercury refused to issue further Platters releases without Williams on lead vocals, provoking a lawsuit between the label and manager Ram. The label spent two years releasing old Williams-era material until the group's contract elapsed.
As the group's lineup splintered further, endless wrangling over the lucrative "Platters" name began, with injunctions, non-compete clauses and multiple versions of the act touring at the same time. Williams would lead his own Platters group, as would Zola Taylor (who left in 1964) and Paul Robi (who departed in 1965). The Buck Ram Platters had the strongest contractual claim to the name. Since Ram had built the group to showcase his songs, he added his name to that of The Platters to distinguish his vision from that of the pretenders. Despite the confusion, "The Platters" lineup with lead vocalist Sonny Turner, Nate Nelson (former lead voice of The Flamingos), David Lynch, Herb Reed and Sandra Dawn signed to Musicor Records and enjoyed a short chart renaissance in 1966-67, with the comeback singles I Love You 1000 Times ,With This Ring, and the Motown-influenced "Washed Ashore".
Herb Reed, the final member of the original Platters, left in 1969. He would eventually lead an "official" Platters group under license from The Five Platters, Inc. Nelson filled Robi's vacancy in 1967. He later worked with Herb Reed's group, until suffering a fatal heart attack in 1984. Sonny Turner left in 1970 and was replaced by Monroe Powell. (Turner led his own Platters group starting in 1970.) Powell remained a constant member from 1970 to 1995. That year, a dispute between Powell and owner/manager Jean Bennett (who had purchased Personality Productions, the booking/management arm of The Platters business, from Ram in 1966) led to the two parting ways. At the time, the group's lineup was in limbo, leaving one person, Kenn Johnson, as the only other group member. Powell and Johnson continued touring as The Platters, with Bennett hiring five new singers to be the "Buck Ram Platters," with lead Tyrone Sweet.
A number of legal challenges have developed among the many groups of Platters. Monroe Powell was sued by Jean Bennett, and his group must now include his name in billing (e.g. The Platters feat. Monroe Powell). Those looking to hear the classic lineup of songs had their pick of approved, disputed, and ersatz Platters, such as Sonny Turner's, Zola Taylor's, Ritchie Jones' (member 1984-85), Milton Bullock's (member 1967-70), the late Paul Robi's (managed by his wife), Jean Bennett's "Buck Ram" Platters, Monroe Powell's , Herb Reed's, and several groups with no current ties to the original group (many had once contained former members, who were retired or deceased).
[edit] Recent history and consolidation
Shortly before Paul Robi succumbed to pancreatic cancer on February 1, 1989, he won a long court battle against Ram's estate and was awarded compensation and exclusive rights to the "Platters" name. In turn, those rights were later stripped from Robi's widow in 1997, and the exclusive right to tour as "The Platters" was awarded to Herb Reed. In 2002, Herb Reed's exclusive trademark rights were legally rescinded. A member of the 1954-69 lineup, his group still tours as Herb Reed's Platters. In 2007, he discussed the abundance of touring Platters groups: "I have to laugh because when you ask me how I feel about it, I'm irate, I'm infuriated... I've lost 25 weeks of work a year."
In January 2006, Jean Bennett, owner of Five Platters Inc., and Personality Productions since 1966, entered into an agreement to sell all of her Platters-related assets and intellectual property rights to the Las Vegas-based company G.E.M. Group, Inc. There was immediate disagreement between G.E.M. and Bennett, and a lawsuit was filed. In June 2006, G.E.M. Group entered into an agreement with Sonny Turner, former lead singer of The Platters, to be licensed as another of the "official" Platters groups. Turner, who had not been able to bill himself as Sonny Turner of The Platters since 1972 due to a legal injunction, became the leader of "The Platters starring the legendary Sonny Turner". He performs internationally under the management wing of G.E.M.
Herb Reed is the sole surviving singing member of the original group.
[edit] Hit singles
| Release date | Title | Chart Positions | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Charts | US R&B chart | UK Charts | Australia | ||||||||
| 7/55 | "Only You" | #5 | #1 | #5 | |||||||
| 11/55 | "The Great Pretender" | #1 | #1 | #5 | |||||||
| 2/56 | "The Magic Touch" | #4 | #4 | ||||||||
| 6/56 | "My Prayer" | #1 | #1 | #4 | |||||||
| 6/56 | "Heaven on Earth" | #39 | #13 | ||||||||
| 8/56 | "You'll Never Never Know" | #11 | #9 | #23 | |||||||
| 8/56 | "It Isn't Right" | #13 | #10 | #23 | |||||||
| 11/56 | "On My Word of Honor" | #20 | #7 | ||||||||
| 11/56 | "One in a Million" | #31 | #11 | ||||||||
| 2/57 | "I'm Sorry" | #11 | #15 | #18 | |||||||
| 2/57 | "He's Mine" | #23 | #5 | ||||||||
| 4/57 | "My Dream" | #24 | #7 | ||||||||
| 4/57 | "I Wanna" | #24 | |||||||||
| 8/57 | "Only Because" | #65 | |||||||||
| 12/57 | "Helpless" | #56 | |||||||||
| 4/58 | "Twilight Time" | #1 | #1 | #3 | #1 | ||||||
| 6/58 | "You're Making a Mistake" | #51 | |||||||||
| 9/58 | "I Wish" | #42 | |||||||||
| 9/58 | "It's Raining Outside" | #93 | |||||||||
| 10/58 | "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" | #1 | #3 | #1 | #1 | ||||||
| 2/59 | "Enchanted" | #12 | #9 | ||||||||
| 5/59 | "Remember When" | #41 | #25 | ||||||||
| 9/59 | "Where" | #44 | |||||||||
| 9/59 | "Wish It Were Me" | #61 | |||||||||
| 1/60 | "Harbor Lights" | #8 | #15 | #11 | |||||||
| 1/60 | "Sleepy Lagoon" | #65 | |||||||||
| 5/60 | "Ebb Tide" | #56 | |||||||||
| 8/60 | "Red Sails in the Sunset" | #36 | |||||||||
| 10/60 | "To Each His Own" | #21 | |||||||||
| 1/61 | "If I Didn't Care" | #30 | |||||||||
| 1961 | "Trees" | #62 | |||||||||
| 7/61 | "I'll Never Smile Again" | #25 | #17 | ||||||||
| 1/62 | "It's Magic" | #91 | |||||||||
| 4/66 | "I Love You 1000 Times" | #31 | #6 | ||||||||
| 11/66 | "I'll Be Home" | #97 | |||||||||
| 2/67 | "With This Ring" | #14 | #12 | ||||||||
| 6/67 | "Washed Ashore" | #56 | #29 | ||||||||
| 10/67 | "Sweet, Sweet Lovin'" | #70 | #32 | ||||||||
[edit] References
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