The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- See also: The Phantom of the Opera (musical)
| The Phantom of the Opera | |
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| Logo | |
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| Music | Andrew Lloyd Webber |
| Lyrics | Charles Hart Richard Stilgoe |
| Book | Andrew Lloyd Webber Charles Hart Richard Stilgoe |
| Based upon | 1911 book Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux |
| Productions | 1986 London 1988 New York, Vienna, Japan Tour #1 1989 Los Angeles, Stockholm, Toronto 1990 Melbourne, Chicago, Hamburg 1991 US Tour #1 1992 US Tour #2 1993 San Francisco, Sydney, Scheveningen, Manchester 1995 Edinburgh, Basel, Singapore, Hong Kong 1996 Australia/New Zealand Tour 1998 UK Tour 1999 Antwerp, Mexico City 2000 Copenhagen 2001 Japan Tour #2 , Seoul 2002 Stuttgart, Madrid 2003 Copenhagen, Budapest 2004 Cape Town, Shanghai 2005 São Paulo, Tokyo, Essen 2006 Las Vegas, Taipei 2007-2008 Australia 2008 Warsaw 2009 Buenos Aires, Moscow, Copenhagen |
| Awards | Oliver Award for Best Musical Tony Award for Best Musical |
The Phantom of the Opera is a musical and operetta by Andrew Lloyd Webber, based on the novel by French novelist Gaston Leroux. The music was composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, with lyrics by Charles Hart and additional lyrics by Richard Stilgoe directed by Hal Prince, choreographed by Gillian Lynne, lighting by Andrew Bridge and designed by Maria Bjornson. The musical focuses on a beautiful singer, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius known as "The Phantom of the Opera," who terrorizes the Paris Opera House.
Inspired by an earlier musical version of the same story by Ken Hill, "Phantom" opened at Her Majesty's Theatre in London on October 9, 1986, where it celebrated its 9,000th performance on 31 May 2008. The original cast included Michael Crawford (the Phantom), Sarah Brightman (Christine), and Steve Barton (Raoul), all of whom reprised their roles in the Broadway production at the Majestic Theatre. It is now the second-longest-running West End musical of all time, behind Les Miserables,[1] and the longest-running Broadway musical of all time, breaking the record held by Lloyd Webber's Cats on January 9, 2006 with its 7,486th performance.[2].
Despite early negative reviews, including a pan by Frank Rich of the New York Times, both the New York and London productions are still running today. According to the musical's website, it has been seen in 124 cities in 25 countries and played to over 100 million people. With total worldwide box office takings of over £1.8bn ($3.2bn), Phantom is the highest-grossing entertainment event of all time.[3] The New York production alone has grossed US $600 million, making it the most financially successful Broadway show in history.[2] In a sign of its continuing popularity, Phantom ranked second in a BBC Radio 2 listener poll of the "Nation's Number One Essential Musicals".[4]
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[edit] Development
[edit] Lyricists
Lloyd Webber approached Jim Steinman to write the lyrics because of his "dark obsessive side", but the writer/producer declined in order to fulfil his commitments on a Bonnie Tyler album.[5] The pair did eventually collaborate on Lloyd Webber's musical adaptation of Whistle Down the Wind.
Alan Jay Lerner was then recruited, but died soon after beginning the project; none of his contributions remain in the show. Richard Stilgoe, who also wrote the lyrics for Andrew Lloyd Webber's Starlight Express and Cats, then wrote lyrics for the production. However, the composer felt that Stilgoe's lyrics were too witty and clever, rather than romantic. Charles Hart was invited to rewrite the lyrics. Some of Stilgoe's original contributions are still present in the final version.[6]
[edit] Major characters
- The Phantom of the Opera (tenor/baritone) — Facially deformed since birth, the Phantom is a genius composer and musician who hides behind a white mask and is known to the managers and actors as the "Opera Ghost". It is known from the list of Dramatis personæ that his name is Erik.
- Christine Daaé (soprano) — A Swedish chorus girl at the Opéra Populaire, and the daughter of a prominent violinist. Although talented, she lacks focus until the Phantom takes her under his wing and teaches her to sing.
- Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny (baritone/tenor) — The patron of the Opéra Populaire and a childhood sweetheart of Christine's, they meet again after he recognizes her singing at the Opéra.
- Carlotta Giudicelli (soprano) — The Opéra's leading diva who becomes jealous of Christine after her great success.
- Madame Giry (mezzo-soprano) — The Opéra's ballet mistress, and the Phantom's "spokeswoman", who delivers the Phantom's notes to the managers.
- Meg Giry (mezzo-soprano) — Madame Giry's daughter, a member of the ballet chorus, and Christine's best friend.
- Monsieur Richard Firmin (baritone) — The grouchy manager of the Opéra Populaire.
- Monsieur Gilles André (baritone) — The flighty manager of the Opéra Populaire.
- Ubaldo Piangi (tenor) — The Opéra's leading tenor, Carlotta Giudicelli's husband. In the Hungarian non-replica version of the musical the character's first name is Umberto instead of Ubaldo.
- Joseph Buquet (baritone/bass) — The Opéra's chief stagehand, who knows something about the Phantom's identity.
- Monsieur Reyer (spoken role) — The Opéra's chief répétiteur, or director.
- Monsieur Lefèvre (spoken role) — The previous owner of the Opéra Populaire, who sells the theatre to Firmin and André.[7]
[edit] Synopsis
- Prologue
At the Opera Populaire in Paris in 1905, an auction is underway. Set pieces from the old theatre are being sold. Raoul, Vicomte de Chagny, purchases a monkey music box. Lot 666 is then up, which is an old chandelier. The auctioneer mentions that the chandelier was involved in the "strange affair of the Phantom of the Opera, a mystery never fully explained." He illuminates the chandelier and it slowly begins to rise to the rafters of the theatre as the opera house is restored to its original grandeur (Overture).
- Act I
At the Opera Populaire, 1861, a rehearsal for Hannibal is underway. Monsieur Lefevre, the owner, announces that he has sold the theatre to two new managers, Monsieur Firmin and Monsieur André. They observe two of the ballet dancers, Meg Giry and her friend, Christine Daaé, with some curiosity. André asks Carlotta, the resident diva, to sing an aria. She agrees, but in the middle of the song, a backdrop suddenly falls dangerously close to her. The company blames the accident on the Opera Ghost. Carlotta has dealt with such incidents for several years, and says that she has had too much of it. She quits, taking Piangi with her. The managers lament having to cancel the show, but Meg quickly suggests that they consider Christine. Christine starts her song ("Think of Me") tentatively, but eventually impresses the entire company with her voice and is given the role.
The managers and Raoul (the new patron of the Opera House) look on from the stage box during a performance. Raoul is particularly impressed; he remembers Christine from their childhood. After the performance, Madame Giry praises Christine and castigates the ballet girls, forcing them to practice into the night. The Phantom's voice in the distance commends Christine on that night's performance. Meg sneaks away from the rehearsal to find Christine outside her dressing room. She expresses her delight in her friend's change of fortune, but wonders how it came about. Christine tells Meg that the Angel of Music has been tutoring her in singing during the night. She thinks he has been sent from Heaven by her father. The two discuss the issue ("Angel of Music") until Madame Giry arrives to retrieve Meg and deliver a note from Raoul.
The managers bring Raoul to Christine's dressing room. She is pleased to see him, and reminisces with him ("Little Lotte"). She tells him about the Angel of Music. He invites her to dinner, but she declines because the Angel of Music is very strict, and would be angry. When Raoul leaves, the Phantom sings to Christine about his displeasure that Raoul is trying to court her ("Angel of Music/The Mirror"). Christine pleads for his forgiveness and begs the Angel to show himself. He complies, revealing himself behind Christine's mirror. The Phantom takes Christine behind the mirror and through a series of underground tunnels to his lair ("The Phantom of the Opera"), where he entreats her to sing for him. The Phantom later serenades her ("Music of the Night"). During this song, he shows her a life-size doll in a wedding gown that looks exactly like her. The doll then reaches out to grab her, and Christine faints. The phantom, realizing that showing her the doll was too much, carries her to a bed.
The next morning, Christine sees the Phantom bent over his organ, composing ("I Remember..."). As she sneaks up behind him, her curiosity gets the better of her,and she pulls back his mask. She sees his deformity behind the mask, though the audience does not. Chasing her about the lair, he challenges her to look at his face and in the end they finally both fall to the ground. The Phantom tries to explain that he only wants to be like everyone else, and that he hopes she will learn to love him in spite of his face ("Stranger than You Dreamt It"). She returns his mask and the two have a moment of understanding before he returns her to the surface. The two exit. As the Phantom and Christine sneak back into the theatre, Joseph Buquet regales the ballet girls with terrible tales of the mysterious Opera Ghost ("Magical Lasso"), telling them that the only way to protect themselves is to keep their 'hand at the level of your eyes'. The Phantom sees them, and the ballet girls run off screaming. Madame Giry tells Buquet to hold his tongue, or the consequences will be severe.
In the managers' office, Firmin, Andre, Raoul and Carlotta puzzle over several cryptic notes they have received from the "Opera Ghost". They all blame each other for the various notes which have menacing tones. Madame Giry arrives with another note, in which the Phantom tells the managers to keep Box Five free for him, to give the leading role in the opera Il Muto to Christine, and relegate Carlotta to a silent part ("Notes..."). Carlotta accuses Raoul of orchestrating the whole event and claims that he has had an affair with Christine. Fearing the loss of their main soprano (and her lover, the principal tenor, Piangi) the managers promise her that she will keep her leading role ("Prima Donna").
At Il Muto that night, Carlotta indeed plays the role of the Countess; Christine is the mute pageboy. Raoul decides to sit in Box Five to watch the show. The show is going well ("Poor Fool, He Makes Me Laugh"), until the Phantom appears on the proscenium arch. He screams that the managers did not keep box five empty. Then he angrily taunts Carlotta and makes her croak like a toad. She flees into Piangi's arms. The show stops and they announce that it will resume with Christine as the Countess. The ballet chorus is sent out to entertain the waiting crowd, but the performance is interrupted when the backdrop lifts to reveal the corpse of Joseph Buquet hanging from the rafters. In the ensuing melee, Christine finds Raoul and takes him to the roof where they will be "safe".
On the roof, Christine tries to tell Raoul that she has seen the Phantom's face and been in his lair, though Raoul does not believe her ("Why Have You Brought Me Here?/Raoul, I've Been There"). Christine hears the Phantom, but Raoul looks around and sees no one. Raoul promises to love and protect her always ("All I Ask of You"). The two make plans to see each other after the show. After Christine and Raoul head back downstairs, The Phantom emerges. He has heard the entire conversation. He is heartbroken, but his sorrow turns to rage and he vows vengeance against Raoul ("All I Ask of You (Reprise)"). Returning to the theatre, he sends the mighty chandelier crashing down on the stage during the curtain call.
- Act II
Everyone is in attendance at the New Year's masquerade ball ("Masquerade"). The Phantom has not shown himself for six months. Christine and Raoul are now engaged. To Raoul's dismay, Christine insists on hiding her ring, which is on a chain on her neck. The Phantom enters, dressed as the title character from Edgar Allan Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death". He announces that he has written an opera, and that he expects the managers to produce it ("Why So Silent...?"). He also confronts Christine and takes her engagement ring from her saying that she belongs to him. Raoul begs Madame Giry to tell him about the Phantom. She tells him of a fair that visited the city years ago, complete with acrobats, conjurors, and freaks. The main attraction was a deformed man locked in a cage; a brilliant mind with the face of a living corpse. It was boasted that he was an architect, scholar, musician and composer, who once built a maze of mirrors for the Shah of Persia. Madame Giry goes on to say that he escaped and was presumed dead, but she can never forget him "for in this darkness, I have seen him again". She runs away as Raoul puts the pieces together.
The Phantom's opera, Don Juan Triumphant, causes chaos and arguments among the managers and actors. Christine has been granted the largest part in the opera, which angers everyone. She tells the managers she does not 'want any part in this plot' because she is afraid that the Phantom will capture her. Raoul realizes that they can use the opera as a trap to capture the Phantom ("Notes.../Twisted Every Way"). Christine is unhappy with the idea as she does not want the Phantom dead. Tormented by the choice she must make, she flees the room.
Rehearsals begin and everyone has their own conversation. Carlotta and Madame Giry are arguing about the song, while Pigani is having trouble pronouncing "tangle." Finally, Carlotta sings the song mockingly. The piano starts to play by itself, and everyone sings along mechanically, except for Christine. She visits her father's grave to try to make sense of the situation. She wishes her father was there to help her make the right choice; perhaps if she lets go of her father's memory, she will no longer be in thrall to the Phantom ("Wishing You Were Somehow Here Again"). The Phantom appears and sings to her, again in the guise of the Angel Of Music ("Wandering Child"). Christine falls back under his spell, easily.
Raoul enters the scene and brings Christine back to reality. The two men verbally spar ("Bravo Monsieur"), while the Phantom shoots fireballs down at Raoul, but Christine begs Raoul to run away with her. Enraged, the Phantom declares that they are both his enemies now and the Graveyard disappears in flames. Raoul and the police go over instructions to trap the Phantom. Raoul tells a marksman hiding in the orchestra pit to shoot to kill. The police set out to bar all of the exits. The voice of the Phantom is heard, taunting them. He appears in Box Five but vanishes as the marksman fires. Roaul rounds on him, but the Phantom interrupts, telling them to "Let the audience in, let my opera begin!" ("Don Juan"). Christine appears onstage to sing ("Point of No Return"). Don Juan appears onstage, with his face covered. During her duet with "Don Juan," Christine realizes she is singing with the Phantom instead of Piangi. The Phantom gives her a ring and expresses his love. Christine whips off his mask to reveal his deformed face to everyone. Before the police can intervene, the Phantom drags Christine offstage. Carlotta cries out in horror as Piangi is discovered dead, and a mob sets out to track down the Phantom once and for all. Madame Giry finds Raoul to take him to the bridge above the lake, and tells him where to find the Phantom. She warns him of the Punjab lasso, telling him to keep "your hand at the level of your eyes." Meg asks that she comes with him, but Madame Giry tells her the Phantom is too dangerous.
Down in the lair, the Phantom has forced Christine to put on the wedding dress ("Down Once More/Track Down This Murderer"). Christine asks if he is going to kill her too. He assures her that he would not kill her, and that his face is the reason that she will not love him. Christine says that she is not afraid of his face, but his soul. Raoul arrives, pleading to the Phantom to let Christine go, "do what you like, only free her!" The Phantom admits him to the lair and then snares him in the Punjab lasso. The Phantom offers Christine a choice: either he will kill Raoul and let Christine go, or she will stay with him and Raoul can go free.
The Phantom insists that she must choose. Christine sadly tells the Phantom that he deceived her. Raoul apologizes and expresses his love for Christine, saying that as long as she is safe from the Phantom it doesn't matter what happens to him. Finally, Christine makes her choice and kisses the Phantom. Stunned by the kiss, which is the first real human love he has ever felt, he sets Raoul free and releases Christine. He asks them both to keep his existence a secret.
Raoul leaves, but Christine wants to return the Phantom's ring. The Phantom admits his love for her, and she forces herself to turn away. She and Raoul leave in the Phantom's boat, singing to each other. The Phantom sobs in the wedding veil Christine has left behind and cries out "You alone can make my song take flight. It's over now, the music of the night!" As the mob approaches, he sits down in his throne and pulls his cape around him. Meg slips through the bars in the gate and looks around for Christine. She notices the throne and cautiously walks over to it. When she pulls back the cape, she finds that the Phantom has vanished and all that remains is his mask. Meg picks up the mask and holds it aloft as a single light shining on the mask fades into darkness.[7]
[edit] Song list
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The show has a large orchestra, consisting of 26 musicians; the show uses 17 instruments and multiple percussion instruments. The majority of the orchestra are string instruments, with large woodwind and brass sections; the percussion section is quite small. The show uses both acoustic instruments and synthesizers.
[edit] Instrumentation
"The Phantom of the Opera" requires a larger orchestra, made of 27 pieces, than most modern theatrical productions.
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Pre-Recorded Track including: Organ, Synthesizers, Synth Drums, Electric Guitars, Electric Bass.
When spacial requirements are a concern, the show requires a pre-recorded track during the "Overture" and the title song. The conductor uses headphones to keep the orchestra synchronized with the pre-recorded tracks. Most of the Phantom's off-stage voiceovers, as well as Christine's high notes (top C's and finally a top E) at the end of the title song, are also normally pre-recorded due to their difficulty.
[edit] Recordings
Cast recordings of the original London, Canadian, German, Korean, Dutch, Swedish, Hungarian, Mexican and Japanese companies, among others, have been released. The soundtrack by the London Cast of the 1986 adaptation, when released on CD in 1987, reached #1 on the UK albums chart. Also cast recording of the film adaptation has been released as well. While never released to the general public, there is a video recording of an early performance of the musical with Michael Crawford that is only available to certain people involved with the show. Whether or not it will ever be released remains in question.
[edit] Sequel
On February 16, 2007 Andrew Lloyd Webber announced that he was working on the musical's sequel, whose book would be written by Ben Elton and its lyrics by Glen Slater.[8] The sequel is called The Phantom of Manhattan and is adapted from the novel of the same name, published in 1999, written by Frederick Forsyth.
However, according to a report published in the Daily Mail newspaper, a bizarre mishap has delayed the sequel; Lloyd Webber's cat, Otto, a rare-breed Turkish Van, clambered onto the digital Clavinova piano and managed to delete the entire score for Phantom of Manhattan. Lloyd Webber was unable to recover any of it from the instrument.[9] In Spring 2008, at a press dinner to launch the BBC show I'd Do Anything, Andrew Lloyd Webber played guests, including some journalists, the first song from the sequel. On May 30, 2008, Lloyd Webber said in an interview that the sequel would "probably" be called Phantom: Once Upon Another Time. He also said that if everything went well it could be out in time for November 2009.
[edit] Other productions
Lloyd Webber's The Phantom of the Opera has been translated into several languages and produced in over twenty countries on six continents. With only a single exception, these productions have all been ”clones”, i.e., they use the original staging, direction, sets and costume concepts.[10]
- Argentina: casting had been announced. Premiere was expected for March 17, 2008. However, the producing company has put the project off until 2009.[11]
- Australia: 1990 – 1998 Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth; 2007 – 2009, Melbourne, Brisbane, Sydney, Auckland and Perth, both starring Anthony Warlow. In the earlier 20th Century production, Rob Guest later took over the role.
- Austria: The German language production premiered at the Theater an der Wien on December 20, 1988.[12]
- Belgium: The Dutch production toured to Belgium.
- Brazil: São Paulo, premiered at Teatro Abril on April 22, 2005. Starring Saulo Vasconcelos as the Phantom, Sara Sarres and Kiara Sasso as Christine and Nando Prado as Raoul.
- Canada: The Toronto production of Phantom ran for just over ten years. The Music Box Tour (3rd U.S. National Tour) played dates across Canada in 2006 – 2007 including Calgary, Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, Saskatoon and Ottawa.
- Canadian International Touring Company: March 11, 1991 – October 1995 toured Canada, Hawaii, Alaska, Hong Kong and Singapore
- China: The Shanghai production played 97 performances at the Shanghai Grand Theatre
- Denmark: Det Ny Theater, Copenhagen (2000-2001, 2003-2004, 2009)
- Germany: There have been three German productions, Hamburg, Stuttgart and Essen. German phantom Thomas Schulze played the title role in the Hamburg and Stuttgart productions, Ian Jon Bourg played the title role in Hamburg, Stuttgart and Essen productions.
- Hong Kong: First tour – at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre Grand Theatre June to October 1995; Second tour – 11 July 2006 to 12 August 2006 at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre Grand Theatre.
- Hungary: Madách Theatre, Budapest. This production, which began in 2003, features original sets, costumes and direction. It is the first Phantom that has ever been permitted to change the original staging.[10] The 500th Phantom, held on 20 September 2007 featured 4 sets of casts, interchanging as the show went on. After the curtains rolled down, in a reprise 3 Christines and 4 Phantoms performed the title song once again.
- Japan: Shiki Productions produced the show in 1988, making it the first production performed in a language other than English. It was still running at the Shiki Theater (四季劇場 Shiki-Gekijyō?) in Osaka as of March 2008.
- Korea
- Mexico: Mexico City, premiered at Centro Cultural Telmex on December 16, 1999. Starring Juan Navarro as the Phantom, Irasema Terrazas as Christine and José Joel as Raoul.
- The Netherlands: At the Circus Theatre in Scheveningen
- New Zealand: Auckland
- Poland: Warsaw, premiere took place on 15th March 2008 at Roma Teatr Muzyczny. It features original sets, costumes and direction. Performances are scheduled till the end of October 2008.
- Russia: (Rumoured premiere in 2009.)
- Singapore: 1st tour at the Kallang Theatre from 26 February 1995 to 20 May 1995, 2nd tour at the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay from 23 March 2007 to 20 May 2007.[13]
- South Africa: 2004, Cape Town.
- Spain: Madrid, premiered at Teatro Lope de Vega on September 4, 2002. Starring Luis Amando and Juan Carlos Barona alternating as the Phantom, Felicidad Farag and Julia Möller alternating as Christine and Armando Pita as Raoul.
- Sweden: 1989 – 1995, Oscarsteatern, Stockholm. More than 1,000 performances. Starring Mikael Samuelson as the Phantom.
- Switzerland: A German productions performed in Switzerland for over a year in 1996 – 1997. Kimilee Bryant played Christine.
- Taiwan: began on January 18, 2006 at National Theater and Concert Hall (Taiwan).
Three touring companies of The Phantom of the Opera are currently on the road; one in the United States and Canada; the other in Southeast Asia.
A film version, starring Gerard Butler as the Phantom, Emmy Rossum as Christine, Patrick Wilson as Raoul, and Minnie Driver as Carlotta, was released in December 2004.
The Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps twice built their competitive program around POTO -- in 1988 and 1989 -- coming in 2nd in 1988 and winning their 5th Drum Corps International World Championship with the 1989 program.
[edit] Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular
An edited, 95-minute, intermission-less version of the show, renamed Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular opened at The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino in Las Vegas on June 24, 2006. This production, which was directed by original director Harold Prince and choreographer Gillian Lynne, with scenic designs by David Rockwell, features state-of-the art technology and effects, and a $40 million, 80 ft (24 m) diameter custom-built theater made to look like the Opéra Garnier in Paris.[14] The updated effects include a giant version of the infamous chandelier, composed of four separate pieces rigged to fly together and assemble in mid-air during the overture, as well as advanced pyrotechnics and strobe lighting. Almost every song from the original production was left intact (except "The Point of No Return" which was shortened), but the producers saved time by cutting some dialogue (such as the ”keep your hand at the level of your eyes” lines), some dance sequences, the twenty-minute intermission to bring the show length down from the original two hours and twenty minutes, and the scene in which the cast is practicing Don Juan Triumphant. The production is modeled more after the film version, with the chandelier crash occurring after "The Point of No Return" instead of after the "All I Ask of You" reprise.[15]
[edit] See also
- The Phantom of the Opera
- The Phantom of the Opera (1976 musical)
- Phantom
- The Phantom of the Opera (2004 film)
- Une Nuit A Paris - 10cc song from which Webber borrowed melodies from.
[edit] Notes
- ^ The Phantom of the Opera: Show awards. Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ a b Jones, Kenneth. "Phantom turns 18", Playbill, 2006-01-25. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ Phantom musical surpasses record. BBC News (2006-01-10). Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ Page, Elaine. BBC Essential Musicals. BBC. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ Bright, Spencer. "Jim'll Fix It", Sunday Times, 1996-12-08. Retrieved on 2007-07-09.
- ^ Behind the Mask documentary, on the 2004 film DVD
- ^ a b Perry, George. "The Complete Phantom of the Opera", Owl Books, 1991, ISBN 0-8050-1722-4.
- ^ Smith, Alistair (2008-04-09). Elton joins Lloyd Webber for Phantom sequel. The Stage. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ Kay, Richard (2007-05-30). Why Andrew is in need of a copycat. Daily Mail. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ a b Official website of the Hungarian production. Theater Madách. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ (Spanish)El fantasma de la ópera se canceló. La Nación (2007-11-03). Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ Official website of the German production. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ Yong, Yvonne (2006-10-03). Phantom of the Opera set to return to Singapore. Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular official site. Really Useful Group/Mackintosh Ltd.. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
- ^ McKenzie, Kristine (2006-10-03). Phantom: The Las Vegas Spectacular show review - Beloved show lives up to new name. LasVegas.com.. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
[edit] External links
- The official Phantom of the Opera Website
- Andrew Lloyd Webber's Official Website
- The Phantom of the Opera (The Guide to Musical Theatre)
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