The Old Gate
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The Old Gate (Altpoertel) was the west city gate of Speyer. With a height of 55 meters it is one of the highest and most important city gates of Germany. It was first mentioned in documents in 1176. It was one of 68 wall and gate towers of the free imperial city of Speyer, besides the 25 church towers.
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[edit] History
The old gate was built in the beginning of the 13th century on the grounds of a previous tower. The bottom part of the tower was built between 1230, and 1250. The upper part was added between 1512, and 1514.
In the year 1511 the incumbent mayor declared Item Das Altporthor Zu Uwen. The year date 1514 on the old gate is proof that the order was put into practice.
The tower survived the destruction of Speyer in 1689 in the War of the Grand Alliance and is one of the few remains of the medieval city fortification. The blast of the tower was already prepared when the Prior and the convent from the near Carmelites nunnery, where French Marshal Duras and his band of people resided, was given attention that when blasting the tower his headquarter would be in danger.
The prior told marshal Duras that the monastery could easily be smashed, a building for which he gave his word of honor . Duras responded that his people are clever enough to know how to throw the tower where he told them to. When the engineers where waiting for the marshals order with burning firebrands, the whole Carmelites convent in front of the marshall. The prior said:
"Our monastery is old and weak, if the towers fall, it would not cover our buildings, so the rotten walls and the unconstrained coves would be rocked from the enormous mass of falling stones, and therefore collapse. So please have compassion and spare the tower."
The marshal thought for a while before saying "Stand up children, the tower shall stand." There on the old gate was spared, while the city of Speyer and the cathedral where an expanse of rubble.
The steep, 20 meter high roof was added in 1708.
The old gate was the most important tower gate. Originally build as an exterior gate, later on it was the connection between old town and the outskirt St. Gilgenvorstadt.
Two rows of embrasures were the only openings on the west side, inflicted for security reasons. The east side is finer structured. Above the arch a wall walk was build around the tower, from which you still can see 10 stone brackets, leaping about 1 meter out of the wall, once being the connection of the adjacent northern and southern fortification walls.
In the year 1773 besides the old gate, whis was build above the stream Speyerbach, a mill was documented. The stream is curving northwards fromhere, flowing subterranean under the buildings of the Salzgasse.
[edit] Relevance
In urban planning context the old gate was the finishing of a prestigious road, the optical counterpart for the cathedral. The boulevard between cathedral and the old gate was a so called "Via Triumphalis". On this 25 to 30 meter wide and 700 meter long stretch, the emperor and his dudes strolled to the cathedral on special clerical occasions. Nowadays the street is one row of houses narrower.
[edit] Calibration shoe of Speyer
Until the beginning of the 19th century Speyer had its own linear and mass measuring calibration. On the northern side of the passage there is still an iron bar- this is the Calibration Shoe of Speyer (Speyerer Werkschuh), an obliging calibration for each merchant of the city. It has a length of 28,889 centimeters and was subdivided into 12 inches. Senator Johannes Becker measured the city including its 4 outskirts in 1772/73 in dimensions based on this calibration.
[edit] External links
- www.speyer.de - further information
