The North Briton

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This article is about newspaper. For other uses, see North Briton.

The North Briton was a radical newspaper published in eighteenth century London. The North Briton also served as the pseudonym of the newspaper's author, used in advertisements, letters to other publications, and handbills.

Although written anonymously[1], The North Briton is closely associated with the name of John Wilkes.[2] The newspaper is chiefly famous for issue number 45, the forty or so court cases spawned by that issue, and for the genesis of "45" as a popular slogan of liberty in the latter part of the eighteenth century.

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] 1762–63

Issues number 1 (June 5, 1762) through number 44 (April 2, 1763) were published on consecutive Saturdays.

The newspaper was begun in response to The Briton, a pro-government paper started by Tobias Smollett. Only eight days after that newspaper began publication, the first issue of The North Briton came out. It then came out weekly until the resignation of the Bute government.

[edit] 45

The North Briton issue number 45 (April 23, 1763) is the most famous issue of the paper. It criticized a royal speech in which King George III praised the Treaty of Paris ending the Seven Years' War. Wilkes was charged with libel (accusing king of lying), and imprisoned for a short time in the Tower of London. Wilkes challenged the general warrant for his arrest and seizure of his paper, eventually winning the case. His courtroom speeches launched the cry "Wilkes and Liberty!", popular slogan for freedom of speech and resistance to power. Later that year, Wilkes reprinted the issue, which was again seized by the government. Before it could be burned, assembled crowd rescued the text, and the ensuing events caused Wilkes to flee across the English Channel to France, and be eventually imprisoned again. Nonetheless, by the time Wilkes was released from prison in 1770, "45" had become a popular icon not only of Wilkes, but of liberty and freedom of speech in general. [3]

In 1764, the British House of Commons declared Wilkes the author of number 45.

[edit] 1768–71

Issue numbers 47 (May 10, 1768) through 218 (May 11, 1771) were published by William Bingley.[4]

Bingley was gaoled in Newgate and then in King's Bench Prison on account of issues number 50 and 51. He was released after two years without trial.[5]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Noorthouck, John (1773). A New History of London: Including Westminster and Southwark, pp. 419–450. 
  2. ^ Cash, Arthur (2006). John Wilkes: The Scandalous Father of Civil Liberty. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, p. 69. ISBN 0300123639. 
  3. ^ Tilly, C. (2004). Social Movements, 1768–2004. Paradigm. ISBN 1-59451-043-1. 
  4. ^ Nichols, John (1812). Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth Century. London: Nichols, Son, and Bentley, pp. 631–632. 
  5. ^ Noorthouck, John (1773). A New History of London: Including Westminster and Southwark, pp. 450–485. 
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