The New York Times

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The New York Times
The January 9, 2008 front page of The New York Times
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner	The New York Times Company
Publisher	Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.
Staff Writers	350
Founded	1851
Price	USD 1.25 Monday-Saturday USD 4.00 Sunday USD 4.00/5.00 Special Editions
Headquarters	New York Times Building 620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018  United States
Circulation	1,077,256 Daily 1,476,400 Sunday[1]
ISSN	0362-4331
Website: nytimes.com

The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. It is owned by The New York Times Company, which publishes 15 other newspapers, including the International Herald Tribune and The Boston Globe. It is the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States. Nicknamed the "Gray Lady" for its staid appearance and style, it is often regarded as a national newspaper of record, meaning that it is frequently relied upon as the authoritative reference for modern events. Founded in 1851, the newspaper has won 98 Pulitzer Prizes,^[2] more than any other newspaper.^[3] The newspaper's title, like other similarly-named publications, is often abbreviated to the Times. Its motto, always printed in the upper left-hand corner of the front page, is: "All the news that's fit to print."

The publisher is Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., a member of the family that has controlled the paper since 1896. Sulzberger is widely seen as being under increasing pressure lately as dissident investors have pressed the company for board representation as the company's circulation figures have plummeted amidst an industry-wide circulation downturn and a migration of readers and advertisers to the Internet.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Times v. Sullivan 1.2 The Pentagon Papers 1.3 Pulitzer Prizes 1.4 Historical controversies 2 The Times today 2.1 Modern controversies 2.2 Web presence 2.3 Major sections 2.4 Style 2.5 Comics 2.6 Ownership 2.7 Current management and employees[47] 2.7.1 Publisher 2.7.2 Masthead 2.7.3 Department heads 2.7.4 Bureau chiefs 2.7.5 Columnists 2.7.6 Other notable personnel 2.8 Former management and employees 2.8.1 Publishers 2.8.2 Executive editors 2.8.3 Other personnel 3 See also 4 Footnotes 5 Further reading 6 External links

[edit] History

The New York Times was founded on September 18, 1851, by journalist and politician Henry Jarvis Raymond and former banker George Jones as the New-York Daily Times. The paper changed its name to The New York Times in 1857. The newspaper was originally published every day but Sunday, but during the Civil War the Times, along with other major dailies, started publishing Sunday issues.

The paper's growing influence was seen when, in 1870 and 1871, a series of Times exposés targeting Boss Tweed ended the Tweed Ring's domination of New York's city hall.^[4]

In the 1880s, the Times transitioned from supporting Republican candidates to becoming politically independent; in 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential election. While this move hurt the Times's readership, the paper regained most of its lost ground within a few years.

The Times was acquired by Adolph Ochs, publisher of The Chattanooga Times, in 1896. In 1897, he coined the paper's slogan, "All The News That's Fit To Print," interpreted as a jab at competing papers in New York City (the New York World and the New York Journal American) known for lurid yellow journalism. Under his guidance, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, and reputation.

The paper moved its headquarters to 42nd Street in 1904, giving its name to Times Square, where the New Year's Eve tradition of lowering a lighted ball from the Times building was started by the paper. After nine years in Times Square, the paper relocated to 229 West 43rd Street. It remained there until spring 2007, and is now three blocks south at 620 Eighth Avenue. The original Times Square building, known as One Times Square, was sold in 1961.

During the next two decades, the Times used new technology to obtain news and deliver it to readers. In 1904, the Times received the first on-the-spot wireless transmission from a naval battle, a report of the destruction of the Russian fleet at the Battle of Port Arthur in the Yellow Sea from the press-boat Haimun during the Russo-Japanese war. In 1910, the first air delivery of the Times to Philadelphia began. The Times' first trans-Atlantic delivery to London occurred in 1919. Finally, in 1920, a "4 A.M. Airplane Edition" was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening.

In the 1940s, the paper extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the fashion section in 1946. The Times began an international edition in 1946. The international edition stopped publishing in 1967, when it joined the owners of the New York Herald Tribune and The Washington Post to publish the International Herald Tribune in Paris. The paper bought a classical radio station (WQXR) in 1946.

The New York Times reduced its page width to 12 inches (300 mm) from 13.5 inches (340 mm) on August 6, 2007, adopting the width that has become the U.S. newspaper industry standard.^[5]

[edit] Times v. Sullivan

The paper's involvement in a 1964 libel case helped bring one of the key United States Supreme Court decisions supporting freedom of the press, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan.

The United States Supreme Court established the actual malice standard for press reports to be considered defamatory or libelous. The malice standard requires the plaintiff in a defamation or libel case prove the publisher of the statement knew the statement was false or acted in reckless disregard of its truth or falsity. Because of the high burden of proof on the plaintiff, and difficulty in proving what is inside a person's head, such cases against public figures rarely succeed^{[citation needed]}.

[edit] The Pentagon Papers

Further information: History and background of New York Times Co. v. United States

In 1971, the Pentagon Papers, a secret United States Department of Defense history of the United States' political and military involvement in the Vietnam War from 1945 to 1971, were given ("leaked") to Neil Sheehan of The New York Times by former State Department official Daniel Ellsberg, with his friend Anthony Russo assisting in copying them. The Times began publishing excerpts as a series of articles on June 13. Controversy and lawsuits followed.

The papers revealed, among other things, that the government had deliberately expanded its role in the war by conducting air strikes over Laos, raids along the coast of North Vietnam, and offensive actions taken by U.S. Marines well before the public was told about the actions, and while President Lyndon B. Johnson had been promising not to expand the war. The document increased the credibility gap for the U.S. government, and hurt efforts by the Nixon administration to fight the war.

When the Times began publishing its series, President Nixon became incensed. His words to National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger included "people have gotta be put to the torch for this sort of thing..." and "let's get the son-of-a-bitch in jail." After failing to get the Times to stop publishing, Attorney General John Mitchell and President Nixon obtained a federal court injunction that the Times cease publication of excerpts. The newspaper appealed and the case began working through the court system.

On June 18, 1971 the Washington Post began publishing its own series. Ben Bagdikian, a Post editor, had obtained portions of the papers from Ellsberg. That day the Post received a call from the Assistant Attorney General, William Rehnquist, asking them to stop publishing. When the Post refused, the U.S. Justice Department sought another injunction. The U.S. District court judge refused, and the government appealed.

On June 26, 1971 the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to take both cases, merging them into New York Times Co. v. United States 403 U.S. 713. On June 30, 1971 the Supreme Court held in a 6-3 decision that the injunctions were unconstitutional prior restraints and that the government had not met the burden of proof required. The justices wrote nine separate opinions, disagreeing on significant substantive issues. While it was generally seen as a victory for those who claim the First Amendment enshrines an absolute right to free speech, many felt it a lukewarm victory, offering little protection for future publishers when claims of national security were at stake.

[edit] Pulitzer Prizes

Further information: Pulitzer Prizes awarded to the New York Times' staff.

The Times has won 98 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper.

[edit] Historical controversies

The paper, like many news organizations, has often been accused of giving too little or too much coverage to events for reasons not related to objective journalism. One of these allegations is that before and during World War II, the newspaper downplayed accusations that the Third Reich had targeted Jews for expulsion and genocide, in part because the publisher, who was Jewish, feared the taint of taking on any "Jewish cause."^[7]

Another serious charge is the accusation that the Times, through its coverage of the Soviet Union by correspondent Walter Duranty, helped cover up the Ukrainian genocide by Joseph Stalin in the 1930s.^[8][9]

In 1965, the Times published a story about a Jewish man turned neo-Nazi, Dan Burros. Burros killed himself minutes after the paper came out with the story.^[10]

The Times has been accused by Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting of giving partial coverage of events in the 1980s in Central America, in particular by insisting on human rights violations committed in Nicaragua, to the detriment of other abuses during the Salvadoran Civil War, the Guatemalan Civil War or under the dictatorship in Honduras.^[11]

Until 2004, the Times had a policy of not using the term Armenian Genocide.^[12] Despite publishing dozens of articles about the Armenian Genocide,^[13] the Times shied away from using the term in its articles as part of its editorial policy. The Turkish Government denies genocide occurred. Times columnist and former reporter Nicholas D. Kristof, who is of Armenian descent, has criticized in his Times column the ongoing denial of the Armenian Genocide by the Turkish government.

[edit] The Times today

The New York Times trails in circulation only to USA Today and The Wall Street Journal. The newspaper is currently owned by The New York Times Company, in which descendants of Adolph Ochs, principally the Sulzberger family, maintain a dominant role.

The Times has been going through a downsizing for several years, offering buyouts to workers and cutting expenses,^[14] in common with a general trend among print newsmedia. At the end of 2005 it had over 350 full time reporters and about 40 photographers, in addition to hundreds of free-lance contributors who work for the paper more occasionally.

In addition to its New York City headquarters, the Times has 16 news bureaus in New York State, 11 national news bureaus and 26 foreign news bureaus.^[15] It has sought to strengthen its status as a national newspaper by increasing printing locations to 20, allowing early morning distribution in additional markets.

In March 2007, the paper reported a circulation of 1,120,420 copies on weekdays and 1,627,062 copies on Sundays.^[16] In the New York City metropolitan area, the paper costs $1.25 Monday through Saturday and $4 on Sunday. Elsewhere the Sunday edition costs $5. New home delivery subscribers receive a discount.^[17]

The newspaper continues to own the classical music radio station WQXR (96.3 FM) and formerly owned its AM sister, WQEW (1560 AM). The classical music format was simulcast on both frequencies until the early 1990s, when the big-band and standards music format of WNEW-AM (now WBBR) moved from 1130 AM to 1560. The AM station changed its call letters from WQXR to WQEW. By the beginning of the 21st century, the Times had begun leasing WQEW to ABC Radio for its Radio Disney format, which continues on 1560 AM. Disney became the owner of WQEW in 2007.

The Times had a separate television guide from March 1988 to April 2006. It was the last major newspaper to outsource its television guide's editorial to a syndication service such as Tribune Media Services, though the latter company compiled the guide's TV grids. Blurbs (short, haiku-like summaries) for the listings of theatrical and television movies were based on the opinions of Times critics but edited to succinct form by the former film critic Howard Thompson^[18] from the section's inception in 1988 until a year before his death in 2002, then by Lawrence Van Gelder, Gene Rondinaro, Tim Sastrowardoyo, Neil Genzlinger, and Anita Gates.

A new headquarters for the newspaper, New York Times Tower, is a skyscraper designed by Renzo Piano. It was occupied in June 2007 and is at 620 Eighth Avenue, between West 40th and 41st Streets, in Manhattan.^[19]

[edit] Modern controversies

Main article: Criticism of The New York Times

Jayson Blair was a New York Times reporter who was forced to resign from the newspaper in May 2003, after he was caught plagiarizing and fabricating elements of his stories. Critics point that Blair's race was the motivating reason for the Times initial reluctance to fire him. ^[20]

The Times has been accused of having a liberal or a conservative bias.^{[21][22][23][24][25][26]} According to a 2007 survey of public perceptions of major media outlets, 40% believe the Times has a liberal slant and 11% believe it has a conservative slant.^[27] In summer 2004, the newspaper's then public editor (ombudsman), Daniel Okrent, wrote a piece in which he concluded that the Times did have a liberal bias in coverage of certain social issues, gay marriage being the example he used. He claimed that this bias reflected the paper's cosmopolitanism, which arose naturally from its roots as a hometown paper of New York City. ^[28] Okrent did not comment at length on the issue of bias in coverage of "hard news," such as fiscal policy, foreign policy, or civil liberties. Okrent noted that the paper's coverage of the Iraq war was, among other things, insufficiently critical of the George W. Bush administration.

[edit] Web presence

The Times has had a strong presence on the Web since 1995, and has been ranked one of the top Web sites. Accessing some articles requires registration, though this can be bypassed by using a link generator or in some cases through Times RSS feeds.^[29] The website had 555 million pageviews in March 2005.^[30]

The domain nytimes.com attracted at least 146 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com study.^[31] NYT Company consolidation (which includes About.com) is the 12th most-visited parent company, with 37.7 million unique visitors as of March 2006.^[32]

In September 2005, the paper decided to begin subscription-based service for daily columns in a program known as TimesSelect, which encompassed many previously free columns. Until being discontinued two years later, TimesSelect cost $7.95 per month or $49.95 per year,^[33] though it was free for print copy subscribers and university students and faculty.^[34][35] To work around this, bloggers often reposted TimesSelect material,^[36] and at least one site once compiled links of reprinted material.^[37]

On September 17, 2007, The Times announced that it would stop charging for access to parts of its Web site, effective at midnight the following day, reflecting a growing view in the industry that subscription fees cannot outweigh the potential ad revenue from increased traffic on a free site.^[38] In addition to opening the entire site to all readers, Times news archives from 1987 to the present are available at no charge, as well as those from 1851 to 1922, which are in the public domain.^{[39] [40]}

Times columnists including Nicholas Kristof and Thomas Friedman had criticized TimesSelect,^[41][42] with Friedman going so far as to say "I hate it. It pains me enormously because it’s cut me off from a lot, a lot of people, especially because I have a lot of people reading me overseas, like in India ... I feel totally cut off from my audience."^[43]

The Times is also the first newspaper to offer a video game as part of its editorial content, Food Import Folly by Persuasive Games.^[44]

The Times Reader is a digital version of the Times. It was created via a collaboration between the newspaper and Microsoft. Times Reader takes the principles of print journalism and applies them to the technique of online reporting. Times Reader uses a series of technologies developed by Microsoft and their Windows Presentation Foundation team. It was announced in Seattle in April 2006 by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., Bill Gates, and Tom Bodkin.

[edit] Major sections

The newspaper is organized in three sections including the magazine, some like the Metro Section, are only found in the editions of the paper distributed in the Tri-State Area and not in the national or Washington, D.C., editions:

1. News 

Includes International, National, Washington, Business, Technology, Science, Health, Sports, The Metro Section (almost always section B), Education, Weather, and Obituaries.

2. Opinion 

Includes Editorials, Op-Eds and Letters to the Editor.

3. Features 

Includes Arts, Movies, Theater, Travel, NYC Guide, Dining & Wine, Home & Garden, Fashion & Style, Crossword, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine, and Week in Review

[edit] Style

When referring to people, the Times generally uses honorifics, rather than unadorned last names (except in the sports pages). The newspaper's headlines tend to be verbose, and, for major stories, come with subheadings giving further details, although it is moving away from this style. It stayed with an eight column format years after other papers had switched to six, and it was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography, with the first color photograph on the front page appearing on October 16, 1997. In the absence of a major headline, the day's most important story generally appears in the top-right hand column, on the main page.

The typefaces used for the headlines are custom variations of Cheltenham. The running text is set at 8.7 point Imperial.^[45]

[edit] Comics

Aside from a weekly roundup of reprints of editorial cartoons from other newspapers, the Times does not have its own staff editorial cartoonist, nor does it feature a comics page or Sunday comics section.

[edit] Ownership

The Ochs-Sulzberger family, one of the United States' great newspaper dynasties, have owned the Times since 1896. After the publisher went public in the 1960s, the family continued to exert control through its ownership of the vast majority of Class B voting shares. Class A shareholders cannot vote on many important matters relating to the company, while Class B shareholders can vote on all matters.

Dual-class structures caught on in the mid-20th century as families such as the Grahams of the Washington Post Company sought to gain access to public capital without losing control. Dow Jones & Co., publisher of The Wall Street Journal, had a similar structure and was controlled by the Bancroft family (it was bought by the News Corporation in 2007). Many regard family ownership as a way to promote journalistic excellence by insulating newsroom decisions from short-term financial pressures.^{[citation needed]}

Major Class A shareholders, as of December 31, 2006, include the Sulzberger family (19%), T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (14.99%), Private Capital Management Inc. (9.34%), MFS Investment Management (8.28%) and Morgan Stanley Investment Management Inc. (7.15%).^[46]

The Ochs-Sulzberger family trust controls roughly 88 percent of the company's class B shares.^[46] Any alteration to the dual-class structure must be ratified by six of eight directors who sit on the board of the Ochs-Sulzberger family trust. The Trust board members are Daniel H. Cohen, James M. Cohen, Lynn G. Dolnick, Susan W. Dryfoos, Michael Golden, Eric M. A. Lax, Arthur O. Sulzberger, Jr. and Cathy J. Sulzberger.^[46]

[edit] Current management and employees^[47]

[edit] Publisher

• Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. (1992- )

[edit] Masthead

The News Sections[48] Bill Keller, Executive Editor (2003- ) Jill Abramson, Managing Editor (News) John M. Geddes, Managing Editor (Production) Jonathan Landman, Deputy Managing Editor Dean Baquet, Assistant Managing Editor Richard L. Berke, Assistant Managing Editor Tom Bodkin, Assistant Managing Editor Susan Edgerley, Assistant Managing Editor Glenn Kramon, Assistant Managing Editor Gerald Marzorati, Assistant Managing Editor Michele McNally, Assistant Managing Editor William E. Schmidt, Assistant Managing Editor Craig R. Whitney, Assistant Managing Editor Jim Roberts, Associate Managing Editor Clark Hoyt, Public Editor[49]

Business Management[50] Janet L. Robinson, Chief Executive Officer, The New York Times Company Scott H. Heekin-Canedy, President, General Manager Dennis L. Stern, Senior V.P., Deputy General Manager Denise F. Warren, Senior V.P., Chief Advertising Officer Alexis Buryk, Senior V.P., Advertising Thomas K. Carley, Senior V.P., Planning Yasmin Namini, Senior V.P., Circulation and Marketing David A. Thurm, Senior V.P., Chief Information Officer Roland A. Caputo, V.P., Chief Financial Officer Terry L. Hayes, V.P., Labor Relations Thomas P. Lombardo, V.P., Production Muriel Watkins, V.P., Human Resources Christian L. Edwards, President, News Services Vivian Schiller, Senior V.P., General Manager, NYTimes.com Michael Oreskes, Editor, International Herald Tribune

[edit] Department heads

Laura Chang, science news editor Susan Chira, foreign news editor Suzanne Daley, national news editor Trip Gabriel, style editor Lawrence Ingrassia, financial news editor Tom Jolly, Sports editor Scott Veale, Arts and Leisure editor William McDonald, obituaries editor Alison Mitchell, education editor Katherine J. Roberts, editor, The Week in Review

Joseph Sexton, metropolitan news editor Will Shortz, crossword puzzle editor Sam Sifton, cultural news editor Pete Wells, dining editor Robert Woletz, society news editor house and home editor (TK) Stuart Emmrich, travel editor Gerald Marzorati, editor, The New York Times Magazine Sam Tanenhaus, editor, The New York Times Book Review

[edit] Bureau chiefs

Domestic bureaus Dean Baquet, Washington, D.C. Abby Goodnough, Boston Monica Davey, Chicago Jennifer Steinhauer, Los Angeles Kirk Johnson, Denver Kirk Semple, Miami Jesse McKinley, San Francisco William Yardley, Seattle Sewel Chan, City Room[51]

Foreign bureaus Warren Hoge. United Nations James C. McKinley, Jr., Mexico City Simon Romero, Caracas Alexei Barrionuevo, Rio de Janeiro John F. Burns, London Steven Erlanger, Paris Nicholas Kulish, Berlin Simon Romero, Bogotá Howard W. French, Shanghai Mark Landler, Frankfurt

Foreign bureaus (cont.) Ian Fisher, Rome Ethan Bronner, Jerusalem Michael Slackman, Cairo James Glanz, Baghdad[52] Sabrina Tavernise, Istanbul Somini Sengupta, South Asia, based in New Delhi, India Lydia Polgreen, West Africa, based in Dakar, Senegal Jeffrey Gettleman, East Africa, based in Nairobi Celia W. Dugger & Barry Bearak, Johannesburg, South Africa C. J. Chivers, Moscow Joe Kahn, Beijing Norimitsu Onishi, Tokyo Keith Bradsher, Hong Kong

[edit] Columnists

Op-Ed Columnists David Brooks, Thursday, Sunday Gail Collins, Thursday, Saturday Maureen Dowd, Wednesday, Sunday Thomas L. Friedman, Wednesday, Sunday Bob Herbert, Monday, Thursday Nicholas D. Kristof, Tuesday, Sunday William Kristol, Monday Paul Krugman, Monday, Friday Frank Rich, Sunday Business Columnists Floyd Norris, Friday Gretchen Morgenson, Sunday Joseph Nocera, Saturday

News Columnists Dave Anderson, Weekly Peter Applebome Wednesday, Sunday Harvey Araton, Weekly Dan Barry, Wednesday, Saturday Roger Cohen, Wednesday, Saturday Clyde Haberman, Tuesday, Friday Adam Liptak, Monday William C. Rhoden, Weekly George Vecsey, Weekly John Vinocur, Tuesday Science Columnists Henry Fountain, Tuesday John Tierney, Tuesday

[edit] Other notable personnel

• Dith Pran - photojournalist
• Sydney Schanberg - Pulitzer Prize winner, twice winner of George Polk Award
• Linda Greenhouse - Pulitzer Prize winning U.S. Supreme Court correspondent
• Michiko Kakutani - Book Reviewer
• Christopher Lehman-Haupt - Book Reviewer
• Sia Michel - pop music editor
• Jon Pareles - pop music critic
• Allan M. Siegal and William G. Connolly, authors of The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage.
• Neil Strauss - freelance music writer
• Philip Taubman - national security correspondent
• David E. Sanger - current White House correspondent
• Don Van Natta, Jr. - investigative correspondent and Pulitzer Prize winner
• Sheryl WuDunn - industry and international business editor and Pulitzer Prize winner
• Frank Bruni - chief restaurant critic
• Eric Asimov - chief wine critic
• David Pogue - personal technology columnist, blogger
• A.O. Scott - film critic
• Manohla Dargis - film critic
• Stephen Holden - film critic
• Patrick Tyler - chief correspondent

[edit] Former management and employees

[edit] Publishers

• Adolph Ochs (1896-1935)
• Arthur Hays Sulzberger (1935-1961)
• Orvil Dryfoos (1961-1963)
• Arthur Ochs "Punch" Sulzberger (1963-1992)
• Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. (1992-present)

[edit] Executive editors

• Turner Catledge (1964-1968)
• James Reston (1968-1969)
• position vacant (1969-1976)
• A.M. Rosenthal (1977-1986)
• Max Frankel (1986-1994)
• Joseph Lelyveld (1994-2001)
• Howell Raines (2001-2003)

[edit] Other personnel

• Kurt Eichenwald - former business reporter
• John Bertram Oakes - former editor of the editorial page (1961-1976), credited with creating the modern op-ed page
• Howard Thompson - former film critic
• Adam Clymer, former correspondent in Washington, D.C.
• Thomas Lask, former book reviewer and culture editor
• Carr Van Anda, managing editor, 1904-1924

[edit] See also

• CIA leak grand jury investigation
• Democracy Now! Special: "How the Pentagon Papers Came to Be Published by the Beacon Press: Mike Gravel, Daniel Ellsberg, and Robert West (audio/video and transcript)
• Lies of Our Times
• Media of New York City
• New York Times Best Seller list
• Pentagon Papers
• Valerie Plame affair

[edit] Footnotes

[edit] Further reading

• Amster, Linda; and Dylan Loeb McClain. Kill Duck Before Serving: Red Faces at The New York Times: A Collection of the Newspaper's Most Interesting, Embarrassing and Off-Beat Corrections. New York: St. Martin's, 2002. ISBN 0312284276 ISBN 978-0312284275
• Berry, Nicholas O. Foreign Policy and the Press: An Analysis of the New York Times' Coverage of U.S. Foreign Policy (Greenwood. 1990)
• Calhoun, Chris, ed. 52 McGs.: The Best Obituaries from Legendary New York Times Reporter Robert McG. Thomas. New York: Scribner, 2001. ISBN 0743215621 ISBN 978-0743215626
• Davis, Elmer. History of the New York Times, 1851-1921 (1921)
• Hess, John. My Times: A Memoir of Dissent, Seven Stories Press, 2003, cloth, ISBN 1-58322-604-4; trade paperback, Seven Stories Press, 2003, ISBN 1-58322-622-2
• Jones, Alex S. and Susan E. Tifft. The Trust: The Private and Powerful Family Behind The New York Times. Back Bay Books, 2000, ISBN 0-316-83631-1.
• Members of the staff of The New York Times. The Newspaper: Its Making and Its Meaning. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1945.
• Mnookin, Seth. Hard News: The Scandals at The New York Times and Their Meaning for American Media, Random House, 2004, cloth, ISBN 1-4000-6244-6.
• Robertson, Nan. The Girls in the Balcony: Women, Men and The New York Times. Random House, 1992. ISBN 039458452X ISBN 978-0394584522
• Siegal, Allan M. and William G. Connolly The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, revised edition. New York: Times Books, 1999. ISBN 0-8129-6388-1. Self-indexed.
• Talese, Gay. The Kingdom and the Power, World Publishing Company, 1969, ISBN 0-8446-6284-4.

[edit] External links

• The New York Times on the Web
• Official history of the Times
• Daniel Okrent, "THE PUBLIC EDITOR; Is The New York Times a Liberal Newspaper?" New York Times, July 25, 2004
• Fit and Unfit to Print: the Wall Street Journal replies to the Times on the subject of the press's obligations in wartime

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