The Lady, or the Tiger?

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"The Lady or the Tiger?" is a famous short story written by Frank R. Stockton in 1882.

1 Plot summary
2 Other works
3 Popular Culture References
4 Further reading
5 External links

[edit] Plot summary

The semi-barbaric King of an ancient land utilized an unusual form of administering justice for offenders in his kingdom. The offender would be placed in an arena where his only way out would be to go through one of two doors. Behind one door was a beautiful woman hand-picked by the king and behind the other was a fierce tiger. The offender was then asked to pick one of the doors. If he picked the door with the woman behind it, then he was declared innocent and as a reward he was required to marry the woman, regardless of previous marital status. If he picked the door with the tiger behind it, though, then he was deemed guilty and the tiger would rip him to pieces.

One day the king found that his daughter, the princess, had taken a lover far beneath her station. The king could not allow this and so he threw the offender in prison and set a date for his trial in the arena. On the day of his trial the suitor looked to the princess for some indication of which door to pick. The princess, did, in fact, know which door concealed the woman and which one the tiger, but was faced with a conundrum. If she indicated the door with the tiger, then the man she loved would be killed on the spot; however, if she indicated the door with the lady, her lover would be forced to marry another woman and even though he would be alive she would never be with him again. Finally she does indicate a door, which the suitor then opens.

At this point the question is posed to the reader, "Did the tiger come out of that door, or did the lady?". The question is not answered, and is left as a thought experiment regarding human nature.

From its publication and surprise ending, "The Lady, or the Tiger?" has come into the English language as an expression, meaning an unsolvable problem. Stockton later wrote a continuation of this story, "The Discourager of Hesitancy".

[edit] Other works

Toyah Willcox and Robert Fripp released a recording of "The Lady or the Tiger?" and "The Discourager of Hesitancy," with Willcox reading the stories to electric guitar accompaniment by Fripp.

The story was the inspiration for Raymond Smullyan's puzzle book by the same title, The Lady or the Tiger? (ISBN 0812921178). The first set of logic puzzles in the book had a similar scenario to the short story in which a king gives each prisoner a choice between a number of doors; behind each one was either a lady or a tiger. However, the king bases the prisoner's fate on intelligence and not luck by posting a statement on each door that can be true or false.

Author Garth Nix makes a round-about reference to this paradox in his book Across The Wall. Across The Wall is a collection of short stories which also includes an interactive narrative intended for humorous effect.

[edit] Popular Culture References

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In Primal Fear, Richard Gere's character attempts to trick Laura Linney's character. She says, "You're opening that door — you think I'm going to walk through it? There's gonna be a tiger on the other end."
The syndicated game show Let's Make a Deal featured a comic version of the lady/tiger dilemma, in which attractive model/assistant Carol Merrill opened doors at the direction of contestants. The loser's door often displayed, not a tiger, but a draft animal such as a camel or donkey.
In Stephen King's "The Dark Tower V: Wolves of the Calla" Father Don Callahan (from Salem's Lot) tells of a tale of abduction and rescue, waiting "for the ambulance and life, or the return of the Hitler Brothers and death. For the lady or the tiger."
In the pilot episode of "Reaper", the Devil referenced The Lady, or the Tiger with the choice faced by Sam to work for him or forfeit his mother's soul.
In the video game Ultima: Runes of Virtue there is a room in a dungeon which has two doors. Behind one of the doors is a lady, who gives the player a heart and in the other room is a tiger, who attacks the player.
In a Daria episode, 'Dye, Dye My Darling!' Jane decides to dye her hair, when a sketch of her planned hair dying she says "The lady or the tiger? Now you don't have to choose,"
In Batman (TV series) episodes #19/20 Batman must choose between two doors-one with Catwoman behind it and one with a tiger behind it
In the Simpsons episode Kiss Kiss, Bang Bangalore, Lenny and Carl must choose between two doors. Behind one of the doors is a tiger, behind the other is Homer Simpson. It is revealed that both doors have tigers behind them, one of which is named Homer Simpson.

[edit] Further reading

Stockton, F.R., "The Lady, or the Tiger?", The Century, Vol.25, No.1, (November 1882), pp.83-86.[1]
Stockton, F.R., "The Discourager of Hesitancy: A Continuation of “The Lady, or the Tiger?”", The Century, Vol.30, No.3, (July 1885), pp.482-484.[2]