The Great Banyan

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The Great Banyan Tree has a hole in the middle where the main trunk once stood.

Located in the Indian Botanical Gardens, Howrah, over the River Hooghly from Kolkata, the Great Banyan was the widest tree in the world, in terms of the area of the canopy. It is estimated as about 200 to 250 years old. It became diseased after it was struck by lightning, so in 1925 the middle of the tree was excised to keep the remainder healthy; this has left it as a clonal colony, rather than a single tree. A 330m road was built around its circumference, but the tree continues to spread beyond it.

[edit] Botanical classification

Botanically known as Ficus benghalensis, and belonging to the family Moraceae, the tree is a native of India. The fruit is like a small fig but is not edible and is red when ripe.

[edit] History and description

The Great Banyan tree is over 250 years old and in spread it is the largest known in India, perhaps in Asia. There is no clear history of the tree, but it is mentioned in some travel books of the nineteenth century. It was damaged by two great cyclones in 1884 and 1886, when some of its main branches were broken and exposed to the attack of a hard fungus. With its large number of aerial roots, The Great Banyan looks more like a forest than an individual tree. Interestingly enough, the tree now lives in perfect vigour without its main trunk, which decayed and had to be removed in 1925. The circumference of the original trunk at 1.7 m from the ground was 15.7 m, and the area occupied by the tree is about 14478.44 square metres. The present crown of the tree has a circumference of 450 m and the highest branch rises to 24.5 m; it has at present 2880 aerial roots reaching down to the ground.

The Great Banyan tree draws more visitors to the garden than its collection of exotic plants from five continents, the plant houses of the special gardens of bamboos, palms, succulents, etc.