The Enigma of Japanese Power
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Enigma of Japanese Power is a political text book by Karel van Wolferen. The book was originally written in 1989, and is a critical account of the business, social, and political structure of Japan. The title of the book addresses the mystery and awe that many Americans and Europeans had toward the impressive Japanese business achievements at that time. Upon publication the book was greeted with criticism in Japan, but has come to be regarded as one of the most important business books about Japan in the west. As a result the book is frequently referenced by other text books.
Contents |
[edit] Synopsis
At over 500 pages long the book is quite dense. By dividing the book into consistent sections, the author has allowed readers to digest it in sections. Of these, sections dealing with education, the elusive Japanese state, the all-pervasive bureaucracy, the middle class, ritual in society, and the press are regarded as the most important.
Overall, Van Wolferen creates an image of a state where a complicated political-corporate relationship retards progress, and where the citizens forgo the social rights enjoyed in other developed countries out of a collective fear of foreign domination. Van Wolferen defines this image across various aspects of Japanese culture, and chronicles its origin through the history of the nation. He frequently cites examples, giving the book 57 pages of endnotes. Throughout, the author points out inefficiencies in the system, and compares it unfavorably to the standard Western system.
In particular the author criticizes large Japanese businesses, and the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, which he describes as being neither liberal nor democratic.
[edit] Criticism
Upon publication both the book and the author came in from harsh criticism from Japanese and some Western corporate thinkers. Frequent criticism labels the book as resorting to a stereotypical view of Japanese people, and casts them as a weak-minded people who neglect to change their country for the better out of fear. While it is true that the book criticizes Japanese society harshly, the author also praises many aspects of the society including the work ethic, low crime rate, thrift, and respect for elders.
The criticism in Japan focused on the fact that Van Wolferen cannot read or write Japanese and is not even fluent in spoken Japanese. Others criticize some of the references Van Wolferen uses, accusing them of being out of date or irrelevant. A commentator in Bungeishunjyu, a Japanese monthly magazine, stated that it is indeed incredible that a book written by a high school graduate who cannot read or write Japanese is taken as a serious commentary about Japan by the West[citation needed]. Ōnuma Yasuaki, a University of Tokyo law professor, commented that "It is expected that someone become frustrated if he can't speak Japanese even after staying in Japan for more than decades."[citation needed]
Still, other Japanese argue that the book ought to be credited as a valid work of journalism for synthesizing existing critiques of Japan written by proper Japanese literate Western academics whose works may not be accessible to the masses. In fact, the book written by the author for Japanese audience, "Japanese system which does not make people happy" (Ningen wo Kouhukunishinai nihonnno shisutem) became a bestseller in Japan as a critique of Japanese society.
[edit] Reception
Today the book is still regarded as controversial both in and out of Japan. Soon after the book was published, the Japanese economic bubble burst, and the book gained credibility as commentators searched to explain it. Overall the western reception has been more positive than in Japan, and it, or sections of it, are frequently studied by Japanese and business students attempting to gain a better understanding of the nation.
