Texas A&M Nuclear Science Center
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| Thermal Power | 1 MW |
| Type | Pool |
| Construction | January 1, 1959 |
| First Criticality | January 1, 1962 |
| Initial Cost | US$1.5 million |
| Annual Cost | US$0.9 million |
| Technical Aspects | |
| Max thermal flux | 2.0×1013 n/(cm²·s) |
| Max fast flux | 2.0×1011 n/{cm²·s) |
| Cooling | 100% natural convection |
| Fuel | uranium zirconium hydride |
| Moderator | light water zirconium hydride |
| Cladding | stainless steel |
| Control Rods | 6 rods, B4C |
| Other Data | |
| Utilization | 90 MW·d/yr |
| Staff / Operators | 20 / 6 |
There are two nuclear research reactors that serve the Texas A&M University Nuclear Science Center. The older of the two is the AGN-201M model, a low-power teaching reactor. The newer reactor, the TRIGA Mark I, is focused strongly towards research.
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[edit] AGN-201M
This was the first reactor of the Nuclear Engineering program at Texas A&M, built in the 1950s. It was shut down 5 years ago and was recently started back up.[2] The reactor is of a negligible thermal power of 5 watts but achieves criticality, making it a critical assembly.
The AGN-201M type reactor is also employed at University of New Mexico and another AGN-201 type is used at Idaho State University, California Polytechnic State University, and Colorado State University.
[edit] TRIGA Mark I
This is the main reactor of the NSC, operation began in 1961. Tours are available to the public and it is reported that around 2,000 students participate in a tour each year. In 1999 there were 2,982 visitors.
The reactor is located in a stand-alone facility two and a half miles (4 km) away from the Texas A&M campus and close to an airfield.
[edit] Technical specifications
This reactor was part of the first line of TRIGA reactors but has a number of features that distinguishes it from the other dozens of TRIGA reactors in use today. It is a 1 megawatt pool-type reactor. It is designed for optimal irridation of samples and is used to produce a number of radioisotopes for medical and industry applications.[3]
The reactor ran on 70% highly enriched uranium (HEU) until early 2006 when the core was refueled with low enriched uranium as apart of the National Nuclear Security Administration's (NNSA) Global Threat Reduction Initiative. This was a part of the Bush administration's efforts to minimize the terrorist threat posed by nuclear fuel in civilian applications around the world and constituted the first and only refueling of the reactor ever. In the decades that it had been in operation, the fuel had depleted its U-235 content from 70% to around 60%. The new fuel is somewhere under 20% enriched since it is classified as LEU.
[edit] Safety evaluations and events
In an ABC primetime special, the Texas A&M reactor was covered as apart of a "Radioactive Roadtrip". Throughout the airing, comments were made that no guards were present and that one could easily sneak sticks of dynamite into the building right next to the pool of the reactor, prompting a reaction from the University. This is an excerpt of the ABC report:
University Reaction: The reactor is not much of a terrorist threat and security measures are adequate, said James Remlinger, manager of operations at the Nuclear Science Center. He stressed that while the uranium in the reactor core is highly-enriched, it would take "a lot of technology" to make a weapon out of it.
The ABC report took place while the core was made of HEU, which is now replaced with LEU.
The following are separate nuclear safety related events reported by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (the governmental agency that regulates research reactors) that were connected to the NSC.
- On March 15, 2006, the NSC reported a potential overexposure of a worker, prompting an Nuclear Regulatory Commission special inspection. Extraordinary doses to the hand of a worker exceeding the 50 rem (0.5 Sv) yearly limit to extremities were predicted prompting further inspection.[4]
- During a December 4, 2000 shipment where a 1.0 curie (37 GBq) and other sources were being transported, a source was found on top of a shipping container unshielded. This prompted further inquiry by the NRC resulting in a civil penalty being applied. [5]
[edit] Research
The following is a very small sample of research projects underway in conjunction with the main reactor. Reference: NSC Homepage
[edit] Studying fire ant behavior
Working with faculty from the entomology department, neutron activation analysis has been underway on a number of samples from an ant colony to ascertain the behavior of sharing food. A sample is lowered into the reactor and irradiated with neutrons, thereby activating certain elements, which can then have their relative quantities accurately determined. With this information, entomologists can develop more effective ant poisons and control methods.
[edit] External links
- Texas A&M NSC Official Site
- ABC's Radioactive Roadtrip Security Review
- Some of the Universities responses to the ABC's report from the Student Paper
- Conversion from High to Low Enriched Uranium Press Release
[edit] References
- ^ IAEA Database of Reactors http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/rrdb/, data from 2001-02-15
- ^ nuclear.tamu.edu/home/news/archive/index.php
- ^ Binney, S.E.; S.R. Reese, and D.S. Pratt (February 22, 2000). University Research Reactors: Contributing to the National Scientific and Engineering Infrastructure from 1953 to 2000 and Beyond. National Organization of Test, Research and Training Reactors. Retrieved on 2007-04-07.
- ^ NRC: News Release - 2006-NRC Begins Special Inspection at Texas A&M University’s Research Reactor
- ^ NRC: EA-01-029 - Texas A&M Research Reactor
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Armed Forces Radiobiological Research Institute · Cornell University · Idaho State University · Kansas State University · Massachusetts Institute of Technology · National Institute of Standards and Technology · North Carolina State University · Ohio State University · Oregon State University · Penn State University · Purdue University · Reed College · Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute · Texas A&M University · University of Arizona · University of California · University of Florida · University of Maryland · University of Massachusetts Lowell · University of Michigan · University of Missouri-Columbia · University of Missouri-Rolla · University of New Mexico · University of Texas at Austin · University of Utah · University of Wisconsin-Madison · Washington State University · Worcester Polytechnic Institute |
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| U.S. Company Operated Research Reactors | |
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Aerotest Operations Inc. · Dow Chemical Company · General Electric Company · Rhode Island Atomic Energy Commission · U.S. Geological Survey · U.S. Veterans Administration |
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| U.S. National Labs with Nuclear Research Reactors | |
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Argonne National Laboratory · Brookhaven National Laboratory (All Shut down) · Hanford Site · Idaho National Laboratory · Oak Ridge National Laboratory · Savannah River Site |
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