Terminal degree

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A terminal degree is the generally accepted highest academic degree in a field of study. An earned[1] academic (or research) doctorate such as a Doctor of Philosophy is considered the terminal degree in most academic fields of study in some countries. However, other professions may consider specific professional degrees as the terminal degree, such as architecture. As well, some fields' terminal degrees are not doctorates; the terminal degree in applied arts such as creative writing, graphic design, and video art is usually the M.F.A. (Master of Fine Arts), not a Ph.D., and the terminal degree for an academic librarian is a M.L.S. (Master's degree in Library Science).[2] [3]

In some countries an additional tier of degrees known as Higher Doctorates exist. Whilst the PhD is usually undertaken at the outset of an academic career, a Higher Doctorate is usually awarded to senior academics for their overall contribution to their field and assessed on the basis of their existing published works, not on specific study for the Higher Doctorate.

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[edit] Research doctorate degrees

Main article: Doctor of Philosophy

In most academic fields, especially those in which a person is engaged in the work of academic research, the terminal degree is a research doctorate which is usually the Ph.D degree. The first phase consists of coursework in the student's field of study and requires one to three years to complete. This often is followed by a preliminary or comprehensive examination and/or a series of cumulative examinations where the emphasis is on breadth rather than depth of knowledge. Finally, another two to four years is usually required for the composition of a substantial and original contribution to human knowledge embodied in a written dissertation that in the social sciences and humanities is typically 250 to 450 pages in length. Dissertations generally consist of (i) a comprehensive literature review, (ii) an outline of methodology, and (iii) several chapters of scientific, social, historical, philosophical, or literary analysis. Typically, upon completion, the candidate undergoes an oral examination, sometimes public, by his or her supervisory committee with expertise in the given discipline.

[edit] Typical terminal academic research degrees

[edit] Professional degrees

Main article: First Professional degree

In some fields, especially those linked to a profession (e.g. medicine, nursing, dentistry, law, optometry, architecture, pharmacy, social work, religious ministry, engineering, accounting, education, etc.), a distinction is to be drawn between a first professional degree, an advanced professional degree, and a terminal academic degree. A first professional degree is generally required by law or custom to practice the profession without limitation. An advanced professional degree provides further training in a specialized area of the profession. A first professional degree is an academic degree designed to prepare the holder for a particular career or profession, fields where scholarly research and academic activity are not the work, but rather the practice of a profession. In many cases, the first professional degree is also the terminal degree because usually no further advanced degree is required for practice in that field even though more advanced professional degrees may exist.

[edit] Typical first professional and advanced professional degrees

[edit] Typical advanced professional degrees

[edit] See Also

[edit] References

  1. ^ "Earned" in the sense that the degree is obtained through the completion of a program of study, as opposed to by receiving an honorary doctorate
  2. ^ DePauw University Academic Handbook, Appendix 3: Terminal Degrees which lists some non-doctoral terminal degrees
  3. ^ American Library Association indicates that "The master's degree in library science from a library school program accredited by the American Library Association is the appropriate terminal professional degree for academic librarians, in social work the M.S.W. (masters of social work)."