Tenpyō-shōhō
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Tenpyō-shōhō (天平勝宝?) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō,?, lit. "year name") after Tenpyō-kanpō and before Tenpyō-hōji. This period spanned the years from 749 through 757. The reigning emperor was Kōken-tennō (孝謙天皇?).[1]
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[edit] Change of era
- Tenpyō-shōhō gannen (天平勝宝元年?); 749: The new era name of Tenpyō-shōhō (meaning "Heavenly Peace and Victorious Treasure")[2] was created to mark the accession of Empress Kōken. Shortly after Tenpyō-kanpō was initially proclaimed, Shōmu renounced the throne, thus becoming the first emperor to take the tonsure as a Buddhist monk.[3] Shōmu's reign and the Tenpyō-kanpō era ended simultaneously as he began a new phase of his life. The previous era ended after a mere four months, and the new one commenced in Tenpyō-kanpō 1, on the 2nd day of the 7th month of 749.[4]
[edit] Events of the Tenpyō-shōhō era
- Tenpyō-shōhō 1 (749): Emperor Shōmu abdicates, and his daughter receives the succession (‘‘senso’’). Shortly thereafter, Empress Kōken formally accedes to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[5]
- Tenpyō-shōhō 1 (749): Empress Kōken is enthroned, on the 2nd day of the 7th month of Tenpyō-kanpō gannen, and that very brief era is superseded by a new one.[4]
- Tenpyō-shōhō 4, in the 4th month 752: The Eye-opening Ceremony celebrating the completion of the Great Buddha is held at Tōdai-ji in Nara.[6]
- Tenpyō-shōhō 2, on the 1st day of the 8th month (758): In the 10th year of Kōken-tennō's reign (称徳天皇10年), the empress abdicated; and succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by her adopted son. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Jimmu is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’).[7]
[edit] References
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 73-75; Varley, Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 143-144.
- ^ Bowman, John. (2000). Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture, p. 127.
- ^ Varley, p. 143.
- ^ a b Brown, p. 274.
- ^ Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]
- ^ Titsingh, p. 74.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 75; Brown, p. 275; Varley, p. 44, 144. [A distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]
- Bowman, John Stewart. (2000). Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-2311-1004-9
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, 1221], Gukanshō (The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
- Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.... Click link for digitized, full-text copy of this book (in French)
- Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4
[edit] External links
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
| Tenpyō-shōhō | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th |
| Gregorian | 749 | 750 | 751 | 752 | 753 | 754 | 755 | 756 | 757 |
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Preceded by: |
Era or nengō: |
Succeeded by: |
