Tende

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Coordinates: 44°05′19″N 7°35′39″E / 44.0886111111, 7.59416666667

Administration
Commune of Tende
Location

Country	France
Region	Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Department	Alpes-Maritimes
Arrondissement	Nice
Canton	Tende
Mayor	Jean-Pierre Vassallo (2001-2008)
Statistics
Elevation	552 m–2,920 m (avg. 815 m)
Land area^¹	177.47 km²
Population^² (2006)	2,025
- Density	11/km² (2006)
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code	06163/ 06430
¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
² Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once.

Tende (in Italian, Occitan and Royasc Tenda) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes département in southeastern France.

1 Geography
2 History
3 Culture
4 Economy
5 Transportation
6 See also
- 6.1 External links
7 References

[edit] Geography

Tende is located within Mercantour National Park in the French Alps. The mountainous commune is bordered by Italy to the north, with the boundary determined by the watershed line between the two countries. This line of mountain tops contains more than 20 summits exceeding 2,000 meters (6,562 feet).

A large rectangle of land running east/west, Tende is split from north to south by the Roya river valley. The tributary Réfréi river joins the Roya within the limits of Tende.

The Col de Tende (Tende Pass), a strategic pass through the Alps to Piedmont, has been modernized to be a road and railway tunnel.

[edit] History

It is unclear when the village of Tende became an organized settlement; prehistoric rock engravings have been found in the area, which are now on display in the Musée des Merveilles or in situ.

Today, Tende is a medieval village of tumultuous history, having belonged successively to the Count of Ventimiglia in the tenth century, then the Counts of Provence and the Counts of Lascaris before being swapped several times between Italy and France. First to the Duchy of Savoy, then the French Republic (later Napoleonic Empire), then restored to the Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont (which became in 1861 the Kingdom of Italy).

From 1861 to 1947 Tende (called Tenda in Italian) was part of Italy, and was damaged during the Italian invasion of France in 1940. Tende was the last commune to join the French Republic in 1947, when Italy was forced to cede (after defeat in WWII) some alpine areas to France.

The hillside village is overlooked by the spire-like remnants of the main turret of the castle of the Lascaris, which was built in the 14th century as protection from the attacking Count of Provence, Charles d'Anjou. The castle was destroyed in 1692 when King Louis XIV ordered his Marshal, Catinat, to destroy all fortified structures in France that might challenge his rule. The only complete structure that remains is a circular tower, transformed into a clock during the 19th century.^[1] The tolling of the clock's bells can be heard day and night throughout Tende.

Tende is located on what was once an important route of the salt trade between Italy and France. During their reign of Tende, the Lascaris would demand a toll of those transporting salt and others passing through the region.

[edit] Culture

While the main language of Tende is French, most of Tende's residents also speak Tendasque, a variety of Ligurian language with Provençal influences. The dialect Tendasque has many similarities with the Mentonasque of the coast.

A map of the County of Nice (in Italian) showing the area of the Kingdom of Savoia annexed in 1860 to France (light brown) and to Italy (yellow). Tende (Tenda in Italian) was in the yellow section.

Among the village's youth, this language is less prevalent (about 30%), while many of them speak Italian.

The village recently began celebrating a series of festivals during the summer, each dedicated to an aspect of local culture. One such festival celebrates the Old Tende (the medieval section), and on the second Sunday of each July, a long-standing festival is held in honor of Saint Eloi, patron saint of the village.

Sugelli, a distinctive pasta with a thumb print indentation is a local specialty.

At the base of the hillside town is a public swimming pool, built around the turn of the millennium.

A via ferrata along the tops of the village's mountains attracts climbers. The trail head can be accessed from near the base of the town clock.

[edit] Economy

Three hydroelectric power stations
Breeding of cows and sheep
Cheeses, honey and jams
Old crystal mine

[edit] Transportation

Tende has a train station on the Nice-Breil-Cuneo line run by the SNCF, with connecting service from Nice in the southwest to Turin to the north. A special tourist train, the Train des Merveilles, makes a single daily run from Nice to Tende.