Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For general information on source citation in Wikipedia, see WP:CITE.

Shortcut: WP:CTT

1 Requesting sources
- 1.1 Inline
2 Including third-party content
3 Citations of generic sources
4 See also
5 Citations for footnotes and for linking
6 Citations of specific sources

[edit] Requesting sources

What to type

What it makes

{{unreferenced}}
links talk edit

This does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

{{unreferencedsection}}
links talk edit

This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

{{citecheck}}
links talk edit

This may contain inappropriate or misinterpreted citations that do not verify the text.
Please help improve this article by checking for inaccuracies. (help, talk, get involved!)

{{self-published}}
links talk edit

This article may contain improper references to self-published sources.
Please help improve this article by removing unreliable sources. A self-published source may only be cited as a primary source in an article about the author or source itself and not as an authority.

{{onesource}}
links talk edit

This relies largely or entirely upon a single source.
Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations of additional sources.

{{refimprove}}
links talk edit

This needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

{{refimprovesect}}
links talk edit

This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.

{{citations missing}}
links talk edit

This is missing citations or needs footnotes.
Using inline citations helps guard against copyright violations and factual inaccuracies.

{{nofootnotes}}
links talk edit

This includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations.
You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations.

{{morefootnotes}}
links talk edit

This , while providing some complete reference citations, includes a list of references or external links, and its verifiability remains partly unclear because it has insufficient in-text citations.
You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations.

[edit] Inline

What to type	What it makes
{{fact}} links talk edit	^{[citation needed]}
{{Timefact}} links talk edit	^{[chronology source needed]}
{{dubious}} links talk edit	^{[dubious – discuss]}
{{or}} links talk edit	^{[original research?]}
{{request quote}} links talk edit	^{[Quotation needed from source]}
{{failed verification}} links talk edit	^{[not in citation given]}
{{verify credibility}} links talk edit	^{[unreliable source?]}
{{verify source}} links talk edit	^{[verification needed]}
{{Updateneed}} links talk edit	^{[update needed]}
{{who}} links talk edit	^[who?]

[edit] Including third-party content

Some of the reference types below use named fields (such as Title=Electric Power Monthly). In these references, you must use the exact field name (capitalization matters). Fields are separated with pipe (|) characters. The order of the fields does not matter.

What to type

What it makes

Where it goes

{{1728}}
Talk

This article incorporates content from the 1728 Cyclopaedia, a publication in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{1771 Britannica}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the 1771 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{1911}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{Sect1911}}
Talk

This section incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Articles
at the end of a section

{{1913}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1913 Webster's Dictionary.

Articles
near bottom

{{cz}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from Citizendium which been licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Articles
near bottom

{{A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature}}
Talk

This article incorporates public domain text from: Cousin, John William (1910). A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London, J.M. Dent & sons; New York, E.P. Dutton.

Articles
near bottom

{{USGovernment}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from {{{sourceURL}}}, a public domain work of the United States Government.

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near bottom

{{Bioguide}}
Talk

This article incorporates facts obtained from the public domain Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

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near bottom

{{Catholic}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913.

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near bottom

{{CDC}}
Talk

This article contains material from the CDC (Center for Disease Control) website which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{CIA WFB 2000}}
Talk

This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook (2000 edition) which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.

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near bottom

{{CIA WFB 2003}}
Talk

This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook (2003 edition) which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.

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near bottom

{{CIAfb}}
Talk

This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{NPS.Gov|sourceURL=[1]}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from a National Park Service website({{{sourceURL}}}) that is a public domain work of the United States Government.

Articles
near bottom

{{Recreation. Gov|sourceURL=[2] }}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the Recreation.gov website({{{sourceURL}}}) that is a public domain work of the United States Government.

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near bottom

{{from Camerapedia}}
Talk

This article was originally based on one in Camerapedia, retrieved at an unknown date under the GNU Free Documentation License.

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bottom

{{from Comixpedia}}
Talk

This page was originally based on an entry from Comixpedia and is used under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Articles
bottom

{{DANFS}}
Talk

This article includes text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.

Articles
bottom

{{Eastons}}
Talk

This entry incorporates text from the public domain Easton's Bible Dictionary, originally published in 1897.

Articles
at top

{{Etude}}
Talk

This article is based on a text from the Etude magazine, prior to 1923, that is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{factbook}}
Talk

This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{FOLDOC}}
Talk

This article was originally based on material from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing, which is licensed under the GFDL.

Articles
near bottom

{{FS1037C}}
Talk

This article contains material from the Federal Standard 1037C, which, as a work of the United States Government, is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{GHR}}
Talk

This article incorporates public domain text from the Genetics Home Reference, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine

Articles
near bottom

{{Jargon}}
Talk

This article is based in part on the Jargon File, which is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{JewishEncyclopedia}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{KeyTarot}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1910 book Pictorial Key to the Tarot by Arthur Edward Waite. Please feel free to update the text.

Articles
near bottom

{{loc}}
Talk

This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies, which are United States government publications in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom?

{{NARA}}
Talk

This article contains text from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration website which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{NASA}}
Talk

This article contains material that originally came from a NASA website or printed source. According to their site usage guidelines, "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted".
For more information, please review NASA's use guidelines.

Talk pages

{{NCBI-handbook}}
Talk

This article contains material text from the NCBI Handbook published by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{NCBI-scienceprimer}}
Talk

This article contains material from the Science Primer published by the NCBI, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom
Image description page
Under image

{{NHC}}
Talk

This article includes information collected from the Naval Historical Center, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{NIST-PD}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from a public domain publication of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a U.S. government agency.

Articles
near bottom

{{NTSB}}
Talk

This article contains material that originally came from an NTSB website. According to their site usage guidelines, "Text appearing on NTSB Web pages, in reports, recommendation, and public dockets, unless otherwise noted, was prepared by employees of the United States Government as part of their official duties and, therefore, is not subject to copyright." For more information, please review NTSB's use policies.

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near bottom

{{NVR}}
Talk

This article includes information collected from the Naval Vessel Register, which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{NIMH}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the National Institute of Mental Health, which is in the public domain.

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near bottom

{{Openhistory}}
Talk

The article incorporates text from OpenHistory.

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near bottom

{{OSGguide}}
Talk

This article incorporates facts obtained from the public domain Office of the Solicitor General.

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near bottom

{{pg}}
Talk

This article incorporates facts obtained from The Political Graveyard.

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near bottom

{{Schaff-Herzog}}
Talk

This article includes content derived from the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1914, which is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{SeyffertDCA}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Classical Antiquities by Oskar Seyffert, edited by Henry Nettleship and J. E. Sandys (1894).

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near bottom

{{SmithDGRA}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities by William Smith (1870).

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near bottom

{{SmithDGRBM}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology by William Smith (1870).

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near bottom

{{SmithDGRG}}
Talk

This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith (1856).

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near bottom

{{StateDept}}
Talk

This article contains material from the US Department of State's Background Notes which, as a US government publication, is in the public domain.

Articles
near bottom

{{Vectorsite}}
Talk

The initial version of this article was based on a public domain article from Greg Goebel's Vectorsite.

Articles
Reference

{{WaceBio}}
Talk

This article uses text from A Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies by Henry Wace.

Articles
near bottom

{{WikiFur}}
Talk

As of this edit, this article uses content from WikiFur. The original article was at [[WikiFur:{{{1}}}|"{{{1}}}"]] (page history).
As with Wikipedia, copying is permitted under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Talk pages

{{Wookieepedia}}
Talk

As of this edit, this article uses content from Wookieepedia. The original article was at [[Wookieepedia:{{{1}}}|"{{{1}}}"]] and the list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with that of Wikipedia, the text of Wookieepedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License, and all relevant terms must be followed.

Talk pages

{{WorldCoin}}
Talk

	The permission for use of this work has been archived in the Wikimedia OTRS system; it is available as ticket 2006080810014758 for users with an OTRS account. To confirm the permission, please contact someone with an OTRS account.

Articles
Reference

[edit] Citations of generic sources

Shortcuts: WP:CITET WP:CIT

See Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup#Verifiability and sources for cleanup request templates.

Below are examples of how to use templates to cite books, encyclopedias, journals, theses, papers, websites, comic strips, videos, and editorial comics. See also Category:Citation templates. If there is a possibility that Harvard referencing will be used in the article in future, consider using the Citation templates (second row for each source) for additional linking functionality with Template:Harvard citation. This linking from cite to reference does not work with the other templates shown below.

For full description of the template — click the template name
Required field(s) are indicated in bold
Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
Following each example is the resulting article text.

The use of Citation templates is not required by WP:CITE and is neither encouraged nor discouraged by any other Wikipedia citation guidelines. They may be used at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with the other editors on the article. Some editors find them helpful, while other editors find them annoying, particularly when used inline in the text. Because they are optional, editors should not change articles from one style to another without consensus.

See Wikipedia:Citing sources#Tools for a list of tools which can help create some of the templates below.

Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. See Wikipedia:Footnotes for information on a commonly used reference template.

source	template (required)	common usage	Example 1 article text	Example 2 article text
book	{{cite book}} title	{{cite book \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| publisher = \| date = \| location = \| pages = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = }}	{{cite book \| last = Mumford \| first = David \| authorlink = David Mumford \| title = The Red Book of V… \| publisher = [[Springer]] \| location = Berlin \| date = 1999 \| pages = 198-203 \| doi = 10.1007/b62130 \| isbn = 354063293X }} Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 198-203. DOI:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X.	{{cite book \| last = Cordell \| first = Bruce R. \| coauthors = Jeff Grubb, David Noonan \| title = [[Manual of the Planes]] \| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] \| date = 2001 \| pages = pp. 198-203 \| month = September \| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }} Cordell, Bruce R.; Jeff Grubb, David Noonan (2001). Manual of the Planes. Wizards of the Coast, pp. 198-203. ISBN 0-7869-1850-8.
book	{{Citation}}	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| place = \| publisher = \| year = \| volume = \| edition = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = }}.	{{Citation \| first = David \| last = Mu… \| author-link = David Mumfo… \| title = The Red Book of V… \| place = Berlin \| publisher = Springer-Verl… \| year = 1999 \| doi = 10.1007/b62130 \| isbn = 354063293X }}. Mumford, David (1999), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 354063293X, DOI 10.1007/b62130 .	{{Citation \| last1 = Cordell \| first1 = Bruce R. \| last2 = Grubb \| first2 = Jeff \| last3 = Noonan \| first3 = David \| title = [[Manual of the Planes]] \| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] \| date = September 2001 \| year = 2001 \| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }}. Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff & Noonan, David (September 2001), Manual of the Planes, Wizards of the Coast, ISBN 0-7869-1850-8 .
journal	{{cite journal}} Title	{{cite journal \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| journal = \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| publisher = \| location = \| date = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite journal \| authorlink = Stephen Brey… \| title = Copyright: A Rejo… \| journal = UCLA Law Review \| volume = 20 \| pages = 75–83 \| date = October 1972}} Breyer, Stephen (October 1972). "Copyright: A Rejoinder". UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83.	{{cite journal \| last = Bailey \| first = David H. \| authorlink = David H. Bailey \| coauthors = [[Peter Borwein\|Borwein… \| title = The Quest for Pi \| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer \| volume = 19 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 50–57 \| publisher = Springer-Verlag \| location = Berlin \| date = [[1999-06-25]] \| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf \| format = [[PDF]] \| issn = 0343-6993 \| accessdate = 2006-06-29 }} Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter B., and Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25). "The Quest for Pi" (PDF). Mathematical Intelligencer 19 (1): 50–57. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISSN 0343-6993.
journal	{{Citation}} journal (or periodical)	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| journal = \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| date = \| year = \| url = \| doi = \| id = }}.	{{Citation \| last = Breyer \| first = Stephen \| author-link = Stephen Bre… \| title = Copyright: A Rejo… \| journal = UCLA Law Review \| volume = 20 \| pages = 75–83 \| date = October 1972 \| year = 1972 }} Breyer, Stephen (October 1972), “Copyright: A Rejoinder”, UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83 .	{{Citation \| last1 = Bailey \| first1 = David H. \| author1-link = David H. Bailey \| last2 = Borwein \| first2 = Peter \| author2-link = Peter Borwein \| last3 = Borwein \| first3 = Jonathan… \| author3-link = Jonathan M. Borwein \| title = The Quest for Pi \| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer \| volume = 19 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 50–57 \| publisher = Springer-Verlag \| location = Berlin \| date = [[1999-06-25]] \| year = 1999 \| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf \| issn = 0343-6993 }}. Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter & Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25), “The Quest for Pi”, Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57, ISSN 0343-6993, <http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf> .
conference report or paper	{{cite conference}} title booktitle	{{cite conference \| first = \| last = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| booktitle = \| pages = \| publisher = \| date = \| location = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite conference \| first = M. \| last = Turk \| authorlink = \| coauthors = Pentland, A. \| title = Face recognition … \| booktitle = Proc IEEE Con… \| pages = 586–591 \| year = 1991 }} Turk, M.; Pentland, A. (1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 586–591.	{{cite conference \| last = Evans \| first = N. R. \| coauthors = Schaefer, G; Bond, H.; … \| title = Direct detection of the clo… \| booktitle = American Astronomical S… \| place = Maui, Hawaii \| date = [[2006-01-09]] \| url = http://www.aas.org/pu…1130.htm \| accessdate = 2006-07-02 }} Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Bono, G.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09). "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting. Retrieved on 2006-07-02.
conference report or paper	{{Citation}}	{{Citation \| first = \| last = \| author-link = \| first2 = \| last2 = \| author2-link = \| editor-last = \| editor-first = \| editor2-last = \| editor2-first = \| contribution = \| contribution-url = \| title = \| year = \| pages = \| place = \| publisher = \| url = \| doi = \| id = }}.	{{Citation \| last1 = Turk \| first1 = M. \| last2 = Pet… \| first2 = A. \| contribution = Face recog… \| title = Proc IEEE Confere… \| publisher = IEEE \| pages = 586–591 \| year = 1991 }}. Turk, M. & Petland, A. (1991), “Face recognition using eigenfaces”, Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, pp. 586–591 .	{{Citation \| last1 = Evans \| first1 = N. R. \| last2 = Schaefer \| first2 = G. \| last3 = Bond \| first3 = H. \| last4 = Karovska \| first4 = M. \| last5 = Nelan \| first5 = E. \| last6 = Sasselov \| first6 = D. \| contribution = Direct detection of … \| title = American Astronomical… \| publisher = AAS \| date = [[2006-01-09]] \| year = 2006 \| contribution-url = http://…30.htm }}. Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E. & Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09), “Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope”, American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS .
encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia}} Title encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia \| title = \| encyclopedia = \| volume = \| pages = \| publisher = \| date = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite encyclopedia \| title = Kirkegaard, Ole L… \| encyclopedia = Grote Wink… \| volume = 9 \| publisher = [[Winkler P…]] \| date = 1882 }} "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins 9. (1882). Winkler Prins.	{{cite encyclopedia \| last = Kramer \| first = Martin \| authorlink = Martin Kramer \| title = Bernard Lewis \| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist… \| volume = 1 \| pages = 719–720 \| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn \| location = London \| date = 1999 \| url = http://www.geocities.com/mart… \| accessdate = 2006-05-23 }} Kramer, Martin (1999). "Bernard Lewis". Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing 1. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. 719–720. Retrieved on 2006-05-23.
encyclopedia	{{Citation}} contribution=name of article	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| contribution = \| year = \| title = \| editor-last = \| editor-first = \| volume = \| pages = \| place = \| publisher = \| id = }}.	{{Citation \| contribution = Kirkegaard… \| title = Grote Winkler Pri… \| editor-last = Winkler Pri… \| editor-first = Anthony \| editor-link = Anthony Win… \| volume = 9 \| publisher = Elsevier \| year = 1882 }}. Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882), “Kirkegaard, Ole Lund”, Grote Winkler Prins, vol. 9, Elsevier .	{{Citation \| last = Kramer \| first = Martin \| author-link = Martin Kramer \| contribution = Bernard Lewis \| editor-last = Boyd \| editor-first = Kelley \| title = Encyclopedia of Historians … \| volume = 1 \| pages = 719–720 \| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn \| place = London \| year = 1999 \| contribution-url = http://…is.htm }}. Kramer, Martin (1999), “Bernard Lewis”, in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720 .
news article	{{cite news}} Title	{{cite news \| last = \| first = \| coauthors = \| title = \| work = \| pages = \| language = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite news \| last = McGee \| first = Maggie \| title = Seabed 'scarred' … \| pages = 12–27 \| publisher = CNN \| date = [[2005-02-10]] \| url = http://www.cnn.com/… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} McGee, Maggie. "Seabed 'scarred' by tsunami quake", CNN, 2005-02-10, pp. 12–27. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite news \| last = Andersen \| first = David \| coauthors = Witter, Lameen \| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO… \| publisher = Marine Corps News \| date = [[2006-02-17]] \| url = http://www.military.com/Caree… \| accessdate = 2006-06-02 }} Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen. "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News, 2006-02-17. Retrieved on 2006-06-02.
news article	{{Citation}} newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical)	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| newspaper = \| pages = \| year = \| date = \| url = }}.	{{Citation \| last=Cowdery \| first=Oliver \| author-link=Oliver Cowdery \| title=Letter VIII \| newspaper=[[Latter Day Sa… \| volume=2 \| issue=1 \| pages=195–202 \| year=1835 \| date=October 1835 \| url=http://www.centerp… }}. Cowdery, Oliver (October 1835), “Letter VIII”, Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate 2 (1): 195–202, <http://www.centerplace.org/history/ma/v2n01.htm#195> .	{{Citation \| last1 = Andersen \| first1 = David \| last2 = Witter \| first2 = Lameen \| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO… \| newspaper = Marine Corps News \| date = [[2006-02-17]] \| year = 2006 \| url = http://www.military.com/Ca… }}. Andersen, David & Witter, Lameen (2006-02-17), “Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success”, Marine Corps News, <http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference> .
website	{{cite web}} title url	{{cite web \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| work = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| format = \| doi = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite web \| last = Spiegel \| first = Rachel \| title = Research: Thalido… \| url=http://science-educat… \| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }} Spiegel, Rachel. Research in the News: Thalidomide. Retrieved on 2006-04-30.	{{cite web \| last = Hansen \| first = James E. \| authorlink = James Hansen \| coauthors = R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and … \| title = GISS Surface Temperature An… \| work = \| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for… \| date = [[2005-12-15]] \| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis… \| format = \| doi = \| accessdate = 2006-09-28 }} Hansen, James E.; R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo (2005-12-15). GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Retrieved on 2006-09-28.
website	{{Citation}} title url	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| date = \| year = \| url = \| accessdate = }}.	{{Citation \| last = Spiegel \| first = Rachel \| title = Research: Thalido… \| url=http://science-educat… \| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }}. Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide, <http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html>. Retrieved on 30 April 2006 .	{{Citation \| last1 = Hansen \| first1 = James E. \| author1-link = James Hansen \| last2 = Ruedy \| first2 = R. \| last3 = Sato \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Lo \| first4 = K. \| title = GISS Surface Temperature An… \| date = [[2005-12-15]] \| year = 2005 \| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis… \| accessdate = 2006-09-28 }}. Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M. & Lo, K. (2005-12-15), GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation, <http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/>. Retrieved on 28 September 2006 .
newsgroup posting DO NOT USE TO VERIFY	{{cite newsgroup}} Title	{{cite newsgroup \| title = \| author = \| date = \| newsgroup = \| id = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite newsgroup \| author = Gary S. Terhune \| title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del… \| date = [[2004-01-11]] \| newsgroup = microsoft.pub… \| id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2… \| url = http://groups.googl… \| accessdate = 2006-05-16 }} Gary S. Terhune (2004-01-11). "Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del function on W98, 2nd". microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion. (Web link). Retrieved on 2006-05-16.	{{cite newsgroup \| title = How can helping "Kids in Af… \| author = Trodel \| date = [[2006-06-10]] \| newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.ob… \| id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g20… \| url = http://groups.google.com/grou… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Trodel (2006-06-10). "How can helping "Kids in Africa" be in my self interest". humanities.philosophy.objectivism. (Web link). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
paper thesis dissertation	{{cite paper}} Title	{{cite paper \| first = \| last = \| author = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| version = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| format = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite paper \| author = Ziman, J.M., F.R… \| title = Public Knowledge:… \| date = 1968 \| url =http://info.med.yale… \| format = [[PDF]] \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Ziman, J.M., F.R.S. (1968). "Public Knowledge: An essay concerning the social dimension of science" (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite paper \| author = Williamson, John \| coauthors = Zagha, Roberto \| title = From the Hindu Rate of Grow… \| version = Working Paper No 144 \| publisher = Center for Research on … \| date = 2002 \| url = http://scid.stanford.e…144.pdf \| format = [[PDF]] \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Williamson, John; Zagha, Roberto (2002). "From the Hindu Rate of Growth to the Hindu Rate of Reform" (PDF). Working Paper No. 144. . Center for research on economic development and policy reform Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
press release	{{cite press release}} Title	{{cite press release \| title = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite press release \| title = Nature compares W… \| publisher = The Wikimedia… \| date = [[2005-12-15]] \| url = http://en.wikipedia… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} The Wikimedia Foundation (2005-12-15). "Nature compares Wikipedia and Britannica". Press release. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite press release \| title = HFPA Announces Timetable fo… \| publisher = [[Hollywood Foreign P…]] \| date = [[2006-05-25]] \| url = http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32 \| accessdate = 2006-06-13 }} Hollywood Foreign Press Association (2006-05-25). "HFPA Announces Timetable for 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards". Press release. Retrieved on 2006-06-13.
video	{{cite video}} people title	{{cite video \| people = \| title = \| medium = \| publisher = \| location = \| year2 = }}	{{cite video \| people = Al-Issawi, Omar … \| title = [http://www.imdb…] \| medium = TV-Series \| publisher = Al-Issawi, Om… \| location = Lebanon \| year2 = 2001 }} Al-Issawi, Omar (Director). (2001). Harab libnan [Television production]. Lebanon: Al-Issawi, Omar.	{{cite video \| people = Dick Cavett \| title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock… \| medium = DVD \| publisher = Shout Factory \| year2 = 2005 }} Dick Cavett. (2005). The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Icons (1969) [DVD]. Shout Factory.
television or radio episode	{{cite episode}} title	{{cite episode \| title = \| episodelink = \| series = \| serieslink = \| airdate = \| season = \| number = }}	{{cite episode \| title = Tabula Rasa \| episodelink = Tabula Rasa … \| series = Lost \| serieslink = Lost (TV Seri… \| airdate = 2004-10-06 \| season = 1 \| number = 3 }} "Tabula Rasa". Lost. 2004-10-06. No. 3, season 1.	{{cite episode \| title = Duet \| episodelink = Duet (Stargate Atlant… \| series = Stargate Atlantis \| serieslink = Stargate Atlantis \| airdate = 2005-08-05 \| season = 2 \| number = 4 }} "Duet". Stargate Atlantis. 2005-08-05. No. 4, season 2.
court case	{{cite court}}	{{cite court \|litigants = \|vol = \|reporter = \|opinion = \|pinpoint = \|court = \|date = \|url= }}	{{cite court \|litigants=Roe v. Wade \|vol=410 \|reporter=U.S. \|opinion=113 \|pinpoint= \|court= \|date=1973 \|url=http://www.law.corn… }} Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
map	{{cite map}} publisher title edition	{{cite map \|publisher = \|title = \|url = \|edition = \|section = \|accessdate = }}	{{cite map \|publisher=Kansas Departmen… \|title=Official State Trans… \|url=http://www.ksdot.org/b… \|edition=2005-2006 \|section=F9 \|accessdate=2007-03-30 }} Kansas Department of Transportation. Official State Transportation Map [map], 2005-2006 edition. Section F9. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.	{{cite map \|publisher=Skelly Oil Company \|title=Highway Map of Oklahoma \|cartography=Diversified Map Co \|edition=1966 \|section=11C }} Skelly Oil Company. Highway Map of Oklahoma [map], 1966 edition. Cartography by Diversified Map Co. Section 11C.
mailing list	{{cite mailing list}} title url	{{cite mailing list \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| title = \| mailinglist = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite mailing list \|last=Murdock \|first=Ian \|authorlink=Ian Murdock \|title=Debian GNU/Linux 0.9… \|mailinglist=debian-announce \|date=[[1995-10-26]] \|url=http://lists.debian.or… \|accessdate=2007-04-20 }} Murdock, Ian (1995-10-26). Debian GNU/Linux 0.93 Release 6 now available. debian-announce mailing list. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.

Comic/cartoon citations and other notes

What to type	What it makes
{{Comic book reference \| writer=[[Stan Lee\|Lee, Stan]] \| penciller=[[Jack Kirby\|Kirby, Jack]] \| inker=[[Christopher Rule\|Rule, Christopher]] \| story=The Fantastic Four! \| title=[[The Fantastic Four]] \| volume=1 \| issue=1 \| date=November, 1961 \| publisher=[[Marvel Comics]] \| page=3 \| panel=2 }} Notes This template allows for a cartoonist field to be used instead of the individual fields if there is a sole creator, as in Bone, or an artist field if the penciller and inker is the same person. The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999. See the talk page for more details and field explanations.	Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Rule, Christopher (i). "The Fantastic Four!" The Fantastic Four vol. 1, #1 (November, 1961) Marvel Comics (3/2)
{{Comic strip reference \| cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff\|Caniff, Milton]] \| strip=[[Steve Canyon]] \| paper=Journal Herald \| location=Dayton, OH \| date=[[July 15]], [[1967]] \| supplement=Color Comics Supplement \| syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate \| page=1 }} Notes The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999. See the talk page for more details and field explanations.	Caniff, Milton (c). Steve Canyon. Journal Herald (Dayton, OH). July 15, 1967, [Color Comics Supplement], Newspaper Syndicate 1.
{{Editorial cartoon reference \| cartoonist=[[Steve Bell\|Bell, Steve]] \| cartoon=The alleged al-Qaida threat to Los Angeles \| paper=The Guardian \| date=10 February \| year=2006 \| page=29 \| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/cartoons/stevebell/0,,1706884,00.html}} Notes The style of this template is based on Allen Ellis' Comic Art in Scholarly Writing: A Citation Guide, 1999. See the talk page for more details and field explanations.	Bell, Steve. "The alleged al-Qaida threat to Los Angeles",[3] The Guardian. 10 February 2006: p.29.
Harvard citation examples ( Template:Harvard citation) Based on related Harvard citation template (automatically creates a one-directional link to the first matching Harvard reference on the same page): {{Harvard citation\|Turner\|1851\|pp=10–11}} (full cite format) {{Harv\|Smith\|1879\|p=289}} (short format) {{Harvtxt\|Turner\|1851}} asserts that ... (author's name part of text) {{Harvnb\|Smith\|1879}} (no braces) {{Harv\|Jones\|2006\|loc=section 5\|Ref=none}} (non-linking) {{Harv\|Lincoln\|Washington\|Adams\|2007\|pp=88–89}} (multi-author) Three Harvcol templates are altered to use colons to indicate page numbers. Their syntax is identical to the Harvard citation template: {{Harvcol\|Turner\|1851\|pp=10–11}} {{Harvcol\|Smith\|1879\|p=289}} {{Harvcoltxt\|Blust\|1999}} asserts that ... {{Harvcolnb\|Smith\|1879}} {{Harvcolnb\|Lincoln\|Washington\|Adams\|2007\|pp=88–89}} Notes For compatibility with various author-name referencing styles, Surname and Year are mandatory. If there is only one author, the parameters Surname and Given may be replaced with Last and First, respectively. Template is generally compatible with Template:Cite book, but this lacks the linking functionality provided by Template:Citation. See also Wikipedia:Harvard citation template examples	(Turner 1851, pp. 10–11) (Smith 1879, p. 289) Turner (1851) asserts that ... Smith 1879 (Jones 2006, section 5) (Lincoln, Washington & Adams 2007, pp. 88–89) Harvcol templates (Turner 1851:10–11) (Smith 1879:289) Blust (1999) asserts that ... Smith 1879 Lincoln, Washington & Adams 2007:88–89

[edit] See also

Category:Citation templates
- Template:Wikiref – makes a simple Harvard-style citation reference.
- Template:Wikicite – makes a simple reference, for use in a "References" section.
- Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference - common templates
Wikipedia:Citing sources
Wikipedia:Verifiability
Wikipedia:Reliable sources
WebCite – tool to archive webpages to allow stable citation links.

[edit] Citations for footnotes and for linking

The following examples are examples of Wikipedia:Footnotes from {{Ref/examples}} are rendered as a template in the following table. These references can be used with the citations above to create a link from the text to the references.

What to type	What it makes
Linking and footnote templates Tags attached to links in text area: "{{ref}} example{{ref\|reference1}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "reference1". "Deprecated {{ref num}} example{{ref num\|reference1\|1}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "reference1", but marked in the text with the number "1" instead of an automatically generated number. NOTE: {{ref num}} is deprecated. {{ref label}} should be used instead. "{{ref label}} example{{ref label\|example.com\|2\|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "example.com". Text is marked with the number "2". For two links to the same footnote labeled "example.com", you would: "{{ref label}} example{{ref label\|example.com\|3\|a}}" "{{ref label}} example{{ref label\|example.com\|3\|b}}" "{{ref label}} example{{ref label\|nextexample.com\|4\|4}}" "{{ref harvard}} example {{ref harvard\|lastexample.com\|Jones 1999\|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "lastexample.comnone", and marked in the text with (Jones 1999). "{{ref harv}} example {{ref harv\|lastexample.com\|Jones 1999\|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "lastexample.comnone", and marked in the text with ^{(Jones 1999)}. "{{ref harvard}} example {{ref harvard\|finalexample.com\|Smith 2000\|a}}(a)" "{{ref harv}} example {{ref harv\|finalexample.com\|Smith 2000\|a}}(a)" "{{ref harvard}} example {{ref harvard\|finalexample.com\|Smith 2000\|b}}(b)" "{{ref harv}} example {{ref harv\|finalexample.com\|Smith 2000\|b}}(b)" Tags attached to links in References or Footnote section: "#{{note\|reference1}} example of {{note}}" — In References section, citation labeled "reference1". "#{{note label\|example.com\|2\|none}}"— In References section, citation labeled "example.comnone". Creates backlink to matching {{ref label}} entry in the text labeled "example.comnone". Now, if you have two links to the same footnote labeled "example.com", you would do: "#{{note label\|example.com\|3\|a}}{{note label\|example.com\|3\|b}} example of {{note label}}" "{{note label\|nextexample.com\|4\|4}} example of {{note label}}" "{{note label\|lastexample.com\|Jones 1999\|none}}Jones (1999) {{note label}}" -- Note that when the 3rd unnamed parameter is specified as "none", the ^ symbol is rendered for the backlink. "{{note label\|finalexample.com\|Smith 2000\|a}}{{note label\|finalexample.com\|Smith 2000\|b}}Smith (2000)"	In text area: {{ref}} example^[4] Deprecated {{ref num}} example^[1] {{ref label}} example^[2] {{ref label}} example^[3] {{ref label}} example^[3] {{ref label}} example^[4] {{ref harvard}} example (Jones 1999) {{ref harv}} example ^{(Jones 1999)} {{ref harvard}} example (Smith 2000)(a) {{ref harv}} example ^{(Smith 2000)}(a) {{ref harvard}} example (Smith 2000)(b) {{ref harv}} example ^{(Smith 2000)}(b) In References or Footnote section: ^ example of {{note}} ^{^} example of {{note label}} ^a ^b example of {{note label}} ⁴ example of {{note label}} ^{^} Jones (1999) {{note label}} ^a ^b Smith (2000)

What to type

What it makes

Linking and footnote templates

Tags attached to links in text area:

"{{ref}} example{{ref|reference1}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "reference1".
"Deprecated {{ref num}} example{{ref num|reference1|1}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "reference1", but marked in the text with the number "1" instead of an automatically generated number. NOTE: {{ref num}} is deprecated. {{ref label}} should be used instead.
"{{ref label}} example{{ref label|example.com|2|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "example.com". Text is marked with the number "2".

For two links to the same footnote labeled "example.com", you would:

"{{ref label}} example{{ref label|example.com|3|a}}"
"{{ref label}} example{{ref label|example.com|3|b}}"
"{{ref label}} example{{ref label|nextexample.com|4|4}}"
"{{ref harvard}} example {{ref harvard|lastexample.com|Jones 1999|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "lastexample.comnone", and marked in the text with (Jones 1999).
"{{ref harv}} example {{ref harv|lastexample.com|Jones 1999|none}}" — Links to a citation in the Reference section labeled "lastexample.comnone", and marked in the text with ^{(Jones 1999)}.
"{{ref harvard}} example {{ref harvard|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|a}}(a)"
"{{ref harv}} example {{ref harv|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|a}}(a)"
"{{ref harvard}} example {{ref harvard|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|b}}(b)"
"{{ref harv}} example {{ref harv|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|b}}(b)"

Tags attached to links in References or Footnote section:

"#{{note|reference1}} example of {{note}}" — In References section, citation labeled "reference1".

"#{{note label|example.com|2|none}}"— In References section, citation labeled "example.comnone". Creates backlink to matching {{ref label}} entry in the text labeled "example.comnone".

Now, if you have two links to the same footnote labeled "example.com", you would do:

"#{{note label|example.com|3|a}}{{note label|example.com|3|b}} example of {{note label}}"

"{{note label|nextexample.com|4|4}} example of {{note label}}"

"{{note label|lastexample.com|Jones 1999|none}}Jones (1999) {{note label}}" -- Note that when the 3rd unnamed parameter is specified as "none", the ^ symbol is rendered for the backlink.
"{{note label|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|a}}{{note label|finalexample.com|Smith 2000|b}}Smith (2000)"

In text area:

{{ref}} example^[4]
Deprecated {{ref num}} example^[1]
{{ref label}} example^[2]
{{ref label}} example^[3]
{{ref label}} example^[3]
{{ref label}} example^[4]
{{ref harvard}} example (Jones 1999)
{{ref harv}} example ^{(Jones 1999)}
{{ref harvard}} example (Smith 2000)(a)
{{ref harv}} example ^{(Smith 2000)}(a)
{{ref harvard}} example (Smith 2000)(b)
{{ref harv}} example ^{(Smith 2000)}(b)

In References or Footnote section:

^ example of {{note}}
^{^} example of {{note label}}
^a ^b example of {{note label}}

⁴ example of {{note label}}

^{^} Jones (1999) {{note label}}
^a ^b Smith (2000)

[edit] Citations of specific sources

Notes:

See also Wikipedia:Template messages/Links#External links for components of online citations such as DOIs.
ISBNs are autolinked by the Wikipedia software; see Wikipedia:ISBN.
RFC references such as "RFC 2821" are also autolinked.
PMIDs are also autolinked; see Wikipedia:PMID.

What to type	What it makes
{{ITIS\|ID=\|taxon=\|year=\|date=}} Talk	Genus species (TSN 123456). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 1 January 2004.
{{FishBase species\|genus=\|species=\|year=\|month=}} Talk	"Genus species". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2004 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2004.
{{FishBase species alt\|ID=\|taxon=\|year=\|month=}} Talk	"Genus species". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2004 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2004.
{{FishBase_genus\|genus=\|year=\|month=}} Talk	"Genus". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. Month Year version. N.p.: FishBase, Year.
{{FishBase family\|family=\|year=\|month=}} Talk	"Family". FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. Month Year version. N.p.: FishBase, Year.
{{IUCN\|author=\|title=\|year=\|ID=\|IUCN_Year=}} Talk	Lastname, Firstname Initial (Year). "Title." IUCN_Year IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN IUCN_Year.
{{Gutenberg \| no=6656 \| name=The Kiltartan Poetry Book}} Talk	The Kiltartan Poetry Book, available at Project Gutenberg.
{{Citeseer \| View-based and modular Eigenspaces for face recognition \| pentland94viewbased }} Talk	View-based and modular Eigenspaces for face recognition
{{MathWorld \| urlname=PetersenGraph \| title=Petersen Graph}} Talk	Eric W. Weisstein, Petersen Graph at MathWorld.
{{ScienceWorld \| urlname=biography/Einstein.html \| title=Albert Einstein}} Talk	Eric W. Weisstein, Albert Einstein at ScienceWorld.
{{Wipipedia\|Wiki_pagename_with_underscores}} Talk	This article incorporates text from the article on Wiki_pagename_with_underscores in Wipipedia, the free-content Fetish and BDSM encyclopedia.
The Encyclopedia of World History at Bartleby.com {{worldhistory\|section=\|quote=}}	section – the portion between http://www.bartleby.com/67/ and .html in the URL of the page you wish to cite. For example, if I wished to cite http://www.bartleby.com/67/716.html, the section is 716. quote – What do you want the first part of the included text to read. The default is Citation. Example: {{worldhistory\|section=716\|quote=Diderot’s encyclopedia banned in 1751}} Creates: Diderot’s encyclopedia banned in 1751 from The Encyclopedia of World History Sixth Edition, Peter N. Stearns (general editor), © 2001 The Houghton Mifflin Company, at Bartleby.com.

Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references | All articles that may contain original research | Wikipedia articles incorporating text from public domain works of the United States Government | Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Federal Standard 1037C | Wikipedia articles needing factual verification

source	template (required)	common usage	Example 1 article text	Example 2 article text
book	{{cite book}} title	{{cite book \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| publisher = \| date = \| location = \| pages = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = }}	{{cite book \| last = Mumford \| first = David \| authorlink = David Mumford \| title = The Red Book of V… \| publisher = [[Springer]] \| location = Berlin \| date = 1999 \| pages = 198-203 \| doi = 10.1007/b62130 \| isbn = 354063293X }} Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 198-203. DOI:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X.	{{cite book \| last = Cordell \| first = Bruce R. \| coauthors = Jeff Grubb, David Noonan \| title = [[Manual of the Planes]] \| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] \| date = 2001 \| pages = pp. 198-203 \| month = September \| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }} Cordell, Bruce R.; Jeff Grubb, David Noonan (2001). Manual of the Planes. Wizards of the Coast, pp. 198-203. ISBN 0-7869-1850-8.
book	{{Citation}}	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| place = \| publisher = \| year = \| volume = \| edition = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = }}.	{{Citation \| first = David \| last = Mu… \| author-link = David Mumfo… \| title = The Red Book of V… \| place = Berlin \| publisher = Springer-Verl… \| year = 1999 \| doi = 10.1007/b62130 \| isbn = 354063293X }}. Mumford, David (1999), The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 354063293X, DOI 10.1007/b62130 .	{{Citation \| last1 = Cordell \| first1 = Bruce R. \| last2 = Grubb \| first2 = Jeff \| last3 = Noonan \| first3 = David \| title = [[Manual of the Planes]] \| publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] \| date = September 2001 \| year = 2001 \| isbn = 0-7869-1850-8 }}. Cordell, Bruce R.; Grubb, Jeff & Noonan, David (September 2001), Manual of the Planes, Wizards of the Coast, ISBN 0-7869-1850-8 .
journal	{{cite journal}} Title	{{cite journal \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| journal = \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| publisher = \| location = \| date = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite journal \| authorlink = Stephen Brey… \| title = Copyright: A Rejo… \| journal = UCLA Law Review \| volume = 20 \| pages = 75–83 \| date = October 1972}} Breyer, Stephen (October 1972). "Copyright: A Rejoinder". UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83.	{{cite journal \| last = Bailey \| first = David H. \| authorlink = David H. Bailey \| coauthors = [[Peter Borwein\|Borwein… \| title = The Quest for Pi \| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer \| volume = 19 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 50–57 \| publisher = Springer-Verlag \| location = Berlin \| date = [[1999-06-25]] \| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf \| format = [[PDF]] \| issn = 0343-6993 \| accessdate = 2006-06-29 }} Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter B., and Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25). "The Quest for Pi" (PDF). Mathematical Intelligencer 19 (1): 50–57. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISSN 0343-6993.
journal	{{Citation}} journal (or periodical)	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| journal = \| volume = \| issue = \| pages = \| date = \| year = \| url = \| doi = \| id = }}.	{{Citation \| last = Breyer \| first = Stephen \| author-link = Stephen Bre… \| title = Copyright: A Rejo… \| journal = UCLA Law Review \| volume = 20 \| pages = 75–83 \| date = October 1972 \| year = 1972 }} Breyer, Stephen (October 1972), “Copyright: A Rejoinder”, UCLA Law Review 20: 75–83 .	{{Citation \| last1 = Bailey \| first1 = David H. \| author1-link = David H. Bailey \| last2 = Borwein \| first2 = Peter \| author2-link = Peter Borwein \| last3 = Borwein \| first3 = Jonathan… \| author3-link = Jonathan M. Borwein \| title = The Quest for Pi \| journal = Mathematical Intelligencer \| volume = 19 \| issue = 1 \| pages = 50–57 \| publisher = Springer-Verlag \| location = Berlin \| date = [[1999-06-25]] \| year = 1999 \| url = http://crd.lbl.gov/…-quest.pdf \| issn = 0343-6993 }}. Bailey, David H.; Borwein, Peter & Borwein, Jonathan M. (1999-06-25), “The Quest for Pi”, Mathematical Intelligencer (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) 19 (1): 50–57, ISSN 0343-6993, <http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf> .
conference report or paper	{{cite conference}} title booktitle	{{cite conference \| first = \| last = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| booktitle = \| pages = \| publisher = \| date = \| location = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite conference \| first = M. \| last = Turk \| authorlink = \| coauthors = Pentland, A. \| title = Face recognition … \| booktitle = Proc IEEE Con… \| pages = 586–591 \| year = 1991 }} Turk, M.; Pentland, A. (1991). "Face recognition using eigenfaces". Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 586–591.	{{cite conference \| last = Evans \| first = N. R. \| coauthors = Schaefer, G; Bond, H.; … \| title = Direct detection of the clo… \| booktitle = American Astronomical S… \| place = Maui, Hawaii \| date = [[2006-01-09]] \| url = http://www.aas.org/pu…1130.htm \| accessdate = 2006-07-02 }} Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Bono, G.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E.; Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09). "Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope". American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting. Retrieved on 2006-07-02.
conference report or paper	{{Citation}}	{{Citation \| first = \| last = \| author-link = \| first2 = \| last2 = \| author2-link = \| editor-last = \| editor-first = \| editor2-last = \| editor2-first = \| contribution = \| contribution-url = \| title = \| year = \| pages = \| place = \| publisher = \| url = \| doi = \| id = }}.	{{Citation \| last1 = Turk \| first1 = M. \| last2 = Pet… \| first2 = A. \| contribution = Face recog… \| title = Proc IEEE Confere… \| publisher = IEEE \| pages = 586–591 \| year = 1991 }}. Turk, M. & Petland, A. (1991), “Face recognition using eigenfaces”, Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, pp. 586–591 .	{{Citation \| last1 = Evans \| first1 = N. R. \| last2 = Schaefer \| first2 = G. \| last3 = Bond \| first3 = H. \| last4 = Karovska \| first4 = M. \| last5 = Nelan \| first5 = E. \| last6 = Sasselov \| first6 = D. \| contribution = Direct detection of … \| title = American Astronomical… \| publisher = AAS \| date = [[2006-01-09]] \| year = 2006 \| contribution-url = http://…30.htm }}. Evans, N. R.; Schaefer, G.; Bond, H.; Karovska, M.; Nelan, E. & Sasselov, D. (2006-01-09), “Direct detection of the close companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope”, American Astronomical Society 207th Meeting, AAS .
encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia}} Title encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia \| title = \| encyclopedia = \| volume = \| pages = \| publisher = \| date = \| id = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite encyclopedia \| title = Kirkegaard, Ole L… \| encyclopedia = Grote Wink… \| volume = 9 \| publisher = [[Winkler P…]] \| date = 1882 }} "Kirkegaard, Ole Lund". Grote Winkler Prins 9. (1882). Winkler Prins.	{{cite encyclopedia \| last = Kramer \| first = Martin \| authorlink = Martin Kramer \| title = Bernard Lewis \| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist… \| volume = 1 \| pages = 719–720 \| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn \| location = London \| date = 1999 \| url = http://www.geocities.com/mart… \| accessdate = 2006-05-23 }} Kramer, Martin (1999). "Bernard Lewis". Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing 1. London: Fitzroy Dearborn. 719–720. Retrieved on 2006-05-23.
encyclopedia	{{Citation}} contribution=name of article	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| contribution = \| year = \| title = \| editor-last = \| editor-first = \| volume = \| pages = \| place = \| publisher = \| id = }}.	{{Citation \| contribution = Kirkegaard… \| title = Grote Winkler Pri… \| editor-last = Winkler Pri… \| editor-first = Anthony \| editor-link = Anthony Win… \| volume = 9 \| publisher = Elsevier \| year = 1882 }}. Winkler Prins, Anthony, ed. (1882), “Kirkegaard, Ole Lund”, Grote Winkler Prins, vol. 9, Elsevier .	{{Citation \| last = Kramer \| first = Martin \| author-link = Martin Kramer \| contribution = Bernard Lewis \| editor-last = Boyd \| editor-first = Kelley \| title = Encyclopedia of Historians … \| volume = 1 \| pages = 719–720 \| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn \| place = London \| year = 1999 \| contribution-url = http://…is.htm }}. Kramer, Martin (1999), “Bernard Lewis”, in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720 .
news article	{{cite news}} Title	{{cite news \| last = \| first = \| coauthors = \| title = \| work = \| pages = \| language = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite news \| last = McGee \| first = Maggie \| title = Seabed 'scarred' … \| pages = 12–27 \| publisher = CNN \| date = [[2005-02-10]] \| url = http://www.cnn.com/… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} McGee, Maggie. "Seabed 'scarred' by tsunami quake", CNN, 2005-02-10, pp. 12–27. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite news \| last = Andersen \| first = David \| coauthors = Witter, Lameen \| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO… \| publisher = Marine Corps News \| date = [[2006-02-17]] \| url = http://www.military.com/Caree… \| accessdate = 2006-06-02 }} Andersen, David; Witter, Lameen. "Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success", Marine Corps News, 2006-02-17. Retrieved on 2006-06-02.
news article	{{Citation}} newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical)	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| newspaper = \| pages = \| year = \| date = \| url = }}.	{{Citation \| last=Cowdery \| first=Oliver \| author-link=Oliver Cowdery \| title=Letter VIII \| newspaper=[[Latter Day Sa… \| volume=2 \| issue=1 \| pages=195–202 \| year=1835 \| date=October 1835 \| url=http://www.centerp… }}. Cowdery, Oliver (October 1835), “Letter VIII”, Latter Day Saints' Messenger and Advocate 2 (1): 195–202, <http://www.centerplace.org/history/ma/v2n01.htm#195> .	{{Citation \| last1 = Andersen \| first1 = David \| last2 = Witter \| first2 = Lameen \| title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO… \| newspaper = Marine Corps News \| date = [[2006-02-17]] \| year = 2006 \| url = http://www.military.com/Ca… }}. Andersen, David & Witter, Lameen (2006-02-17), “Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO Talks About His Rise to Success”, Marine Corps News, <http://www.military.com/Careers/Content1?file=careersArticlesGoDaddy.htm&area=Reference> .
website	{{cite web}} title url	{{cite web \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| work = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| format = \| doi = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite web \| last = Spiegel \| first = Rachel \| title = Research: Thalido… \| url=http://science-educat… \| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }} Spiegel, Rachel. Research in the News: Thalidomide. Retrieved on 2006-04-30.	{{cite web \| last = Hansen \| first = James E. \| authorlink = James Hansen \| coauthors = R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and … \| title = GISS Surface Temperature An… \| work = \| publisher = [[Goddard Institute for… \| date = [[2005-12-15]] \| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis… \| format = \| doi = \| accessdate = 2006-09-28 }} Hansen, James E.; R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and K. Lo (2005-12-15). GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation. NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Retrieved on 2006-09-28.
website	{{Citation}} title url	{{Citation \| last = \| first = \| author-link = \| last2 = \| first2 = \| author2-link = \| title = \| date = \| year = \| url = \| accessdate = }}.	{{Citation \| last = Spiegel \| first = Rachel \| title = Research: Thalido… \| url=http://science-educat… \| accessdate = 2006-04-30 }}. Spiegel, Rachel, Research in the News: Thalidomide, <http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn/Thalidomide/index.html>. Retrieved on 30 April 2006 .	{{Citation \| last1 = Hansen \| first1 = James E. \| author1-link = James Hansen \| last2 = Ruedy \| first2 = R. \| last3 = Sato \| first3 = M. \| last4 = Lo \| first4 = K. \| title = GISS Surface Temperature An… \| date = [[2005-12-15]] \| year = 2005 \| url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis… \| accessdate = 2006-09-28 }}. Hansen, James E.; Ruedy, R.; Sato, M. & Lo, K. (2005-12-15), GISS Surface Temperature Analysis Global Temperature Trends: 2005 Summation, <http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/2005/>. Retrieved on 28 September 2006 .
newsgroup posting DO NOT USE TO VERIFY	{{cite newsgroup}} Title	{{cite newsgroup \| title = \| author = \| date = \| newsgroup = \| id = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite newsgroup \| author = Gary S. Terhune \| title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del… \| date = [[2004-01-11]] \| newsgroup = microsoft.pub… \| id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2… \| url = http://groups.googl… \| accessdate = 2006-05-16 }} Gary S. Terhune (2004-01-11). "Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del function on W98, 2nd". microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion. (Web link). Retrieved on 2006-05-16.	{{cite newsgroup \| title = How can helping "Kids in Af… \| author = Trodel \| date = [[2006-06-10]] \| newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.ob… \| id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g20… \| url = http://groups.google.com/grou… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Trodel (2006-06-10). "How can helping "Kids in Africa" be in my self interest". humanities.philosophy.objectivism. (Web link). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
paper thesis dissertation	{{cite paper}} Title	{{cite paper \| first = \| last = \| author = \| authorlink = \| coauthors = \| title = \| version = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| format = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite paper \| author = Ziman, J.M., F.R… \| title = Public Knowledge:… \| date = 1968 \| url =http://info.med.yale… \| format = [[PDF]] \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Ziman, J.M., F.R.S. (1968). "Public Knowledge: An essay concerning the social dimension of science" (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite paper \| author = Williamson, John \| coauthors = Zagha, Roberto \| title = From the Hindu Rate of Grow… \| version = Working Paper No 144 \| publisher = Center for Research on … \| date = 2002 \| url = http://scid.stanford.e…144.pdf \| format = [[PDF]] \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} Williamson, John; Zagha, Roberto (2002). "From the Hindu Rate of Growth to the Hindu Rate of Reform" (PDF). Working Paper No. 144. . Center for research on economic development and policy reform Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
press release	{{cite press release}} Title	{{cite press release \| title = \| publisher = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite press release \| title = Nature compares W… \| publisher = The Wikimedia… \| date = [[2005-12-15]] \| url = http://en.wikipedia… \| accessdate = 2006-07-03 }} The Wikimedia Foundation (2005-12-15). "Nature compares Wikipedia and Britannica". Press release. Retrieved on 2006-07-03.	{{cite press release \| title = HFPA Announces Timetable fo… \| publisher = [[Hollywood Foreign P…]] \| date = [[2006-05-25]] \| url = http://www.hfpa.org/news/id/32 \| accessdate = 2006-06-13 }} Hollywood Foreign Press Association (2006-05-25). "HFPA Announces Timetable for 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards". Press release. Retrieved on 2006-06-13.
video	{{cite video}} people title	{{cite video \| people = \| title = \| medium = \| publisher = \| location = \| year2 = }}	{{cite video \| people = Al-Issawi, Omar … \| title = [http://www.imdb…] \| medium = TV-Series \| publisher = Al-Issawi, Om… \| location = Lebanon \| year2 = 2001 }} Al-Issawi, Omar (Director). (2001). Harab libnan [Television production]. Lebanon: Al-Issawi, Omar.	{{cite video \| people = Dick Cavett \| title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock… \| medium = DVD \| publisher = Shout Factory \| year2 = 2005 }} Dick Cavett. (2005). The Dick Cavett Show — Rock Icons (1969) [DVD]. Shout Factory.
television or radio episode	{{cite episode}} title	{{cite episode \| title = \| episodelink = \| series = \| serieslink = \| airdate = \| season = \| number = }}	{{cite episode \| title = Tabula Rasa \| episodelink = Tabula Rasa … \| series = Lost \| serieslink = Lost (TV Seri… \| airdate = 2004-10-06 \| season = 1 \| number = 3 }} "Tabula Rasa". Lost. 2004-10-06. No. 3, season 1.	{{cite episode \| title = Duet \| episodelink = Duet (Stargate Atlant… \| series = Stargate Atlantis \| serieslink = Stargate Atlantis \| airdate = 2005-08-05 \| season = 2 \| number = 4 }} "Duet". Stargate Atlantis. 2005-08-05. No. 4, season 2.
court case	{{cite court}}	{{cite court \|litigants = \|vol = \|reporter = \|opinion = \|pinpoint = \|court = \|date = \|url= }}	{{cite court \|litigants=Roe v. Wade \|vol=410 \|reporter=U.S. \|opinion=113 \|pinpoint= \|court= \|date=1973 \|url=http://www.law.corn… }} Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
map	{{cite map}} publisher title edition	{{cite map \|publisher = \|title = \|url = \|edition = \|section = \|accessdate = }}	{{cite map \|publisher=Kansas Departmen… \|title=Official State Trans… \|url=http://www.ksdot.org/b… \|edition=2005-2006 \|section=F9 \|accessdate=2007-03-30 }} Kansas Department of Transportation. Official State Transportation Map [map], 2005-2006 edition. Section F9. Retrieved on 2007-03-30.	{{cite map \|publisher=Skelly Oil Company \|title=Highway Map of Oklahoma \|cartography=Diversified Map Co \|edition=1966 \|section=11C }} Skelly Oil Company. Highway Map of Oklahoma [map], 1966 edition. Cartography by Diversified Map Co. Section 11C.
mailing list	{{cite mailing list}} title url	{{cite mailing list \| last = \| first = \| authorlink = \| title = \| mailinglist = \| date = \| url = \| accessdate = }}	{{cite mailing list \|last=Murdock \|first=Ian \|authorlink=Ian Murdock \|title=Debian GNU/Linux 0.9… \|mailinglist=debian-announce \|date=[[1995-10-26]] \|url=http://lists.debian.or… \|accessdate=2007-04-20 }} Murdock, Ian (1995-10-26). Debian GNU/Linux 0.93 Release 6 now available. debian-announce mailing list. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.

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