Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)

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The new gastropod taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) (in collaboration with J. Fryda, B. Hausdorf, W. Ponder, A. Valdés and A. Warén ) is a step closer to reflecting the presumed evolutionary history of the phylum Mollusca.

Malacologists currently make do with classifications that are hybrids of the pre-existing more traditional taxonomy and the more recent far-reaching revisions. In the past, the taxonomy of gastropods was largely based on morphological characters of the taxa, but recent advances are based more on the molecular characteristics of the DNA and RNA. This has made the taxonomical ranks and their hierarchy controversial, and the debate about these issues is not likely to end soon.

This proposed classification has tried to reconcile these recent advances by using unranked clades for taxa above the rank of superfamily (replacing the ranks suborder, order, superorder and subclass), while using the traditional Linnaean approach for all taxa below the rank of superfamily. All in all, 611 valid families are recognized. Of these, 202 families are exclusively fossil and this is indicated with a dagger †.

Whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the term "group" or "informal group" has been used.

The classification of families into subfamilies is often not well resolved, and should be regarded as the best possible hypothesis.

The publication in Malacologia 47 (Sept. 2005) (see references) includes also a nomenclator of about 2400 suprageneric taxa of gastropods, going from the subtribe to the superfamily. Each time, a full bibliographic reference is provided with the name of the author, the original publication, date of publication, type genus, nomenclatural status and validity under the rules of the ICZN.

Contents

[edit] Main clades

  • Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position
  • Clade Patellogastropoda
  • Clade Vetigastropoda
  • Clade Cocculiniformia
  • Clade Neritinimorpha
    • Paleozoic Neritimorpha of uncertain position
    • Clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
    • Clade Cycloneritimorpha
  • Clade Caenogastropoda
    • Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position
    • Informal group Architaenioglossa
    • Clade Sorbeoconcha
    • Clade Hypsogastropoda
      • Clade Littorinimorpha
      • Informal group Ptenoglossa
      • Clade Neogastropoda
  • Clade Heterobranchia
    • Informal group Lower Heterobranchia
    • Informal group Opisthobranchia
      • Clade Cephalaspidea
      • Clade Thecosomata
      • Clade Gymnosomata
      • Clade Aplysiomorpha
      • Group Acochlidiacea
      • Clade Sacoglossa
      • Group Cylindrobullida
      • Clade Umbraculida
      • Clade Nudipleura
        • Clade Pleurobranchomorpha
        • Clade Nudibranchia
          • Clade Euctenidiacea
          • Clade Dexiarchia
            • Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea
            • Clade Cladobranchia
              • Clade Euarminica
              • Clade Dendronotida
              • Clade Aeolidida
  • Informal group Pulmonata
    • Informal group Basommatophora
    • Clade Eupulmonata
      • Clade Systellommatophora
      • Clade Stylommatophora
        • Clade Elasmognatha
        • Clade Orthurethra
        • Informal group Sigmurethra

[edit] Taxonomy

In the following list, indentation will only be applied from the rank of superfamily. The clades are not indented. Their hierarchy has been explained here above.

[edit] Clade Patellogastropoda

  • Superfamily Patelloidea
  • Superfamily Nacelloidea
  • Superfamily Lottioidea
  • Superfamily Neolepetopsoidea
    • Family Neolepetopsidae
    • † Family Daminilidae
    • † Family Lepetopsidae

[edit] Clade Vetigastropoda

  • Not assigned to a superfamily
    • Family Ataphridae
    • Family Pendromidae
    • † Family Schizogoniidae
  • Superfamily Amberleyoidea
    • † Family Amberleyidae
    • † Family Nododelphinulidae
  • Superfamily Eotomarioidea
    • † Family Eotomariidae
    • † Family Gosseletinidae
    • † Family Luciellidae
    • † Family Phanerotrematidae
  • Superfamily Fissurelloidea
  • Superfamily Haliotoidea
  • Superfamily Lepetelloidea
    • Family Lepetellidae
    • Family Addisoniidae
    • Family Bathyphytophilidae
    • Family Caymanabyssiidae
    • Family Cocculinellidae
    • Family Osteopeltidae
    • Family Pseudococculinidae
    • Family Pyropeltidae
  • Superfamily Lepetodriloidea
    • Family Lepetodrilidae
    • Family Clypiosectidae
    • Family Sutilizonidae
  • Superfamily Murchisonioidea
    • † Family Murchisoniidae
    • † Family Cheeneetnukiidae
    • † Family Hormotomidae
  • Superfamily Neomphaloidea
    • Family Neomphalidae
    • Family Melanodrymiidae
    • Family Peltospiridae
  • Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea
    • Family Pleurotomariidae
    • † Family Catantostomatidae
    • † Family Kittlidiscidae
    • † Family Phymatopleuridae
    • † Family Polytremariidae
    • † Family Portlockiellidae
    • † Family Rhaphischismatidae
    • † Family Trochotomidae
    • † Family Zygitidae
  • Superfamily Porcellioidea
    • † Family Porcelliidae
    • † Family Cirridae
    • † Family Discohelicidae
    • † Family Pavlodiscidae
  • Superfamily Scissurelloidea
  • Superfamily Seguenzioidea
    • Family Seguenziidae
    • Family Chilodontidae
    • † Family Eucyclidae
    • † Family Laubellidae
  • Superfamily Trochoidea
    • Family Trochidae
    • Family Calliostomatidae
    • † Family Elasmonematidae
    • † Family Eucochlidae
    • † Family Microdomatidae
    • † Family Proconulidae
    • Family Solariellidae
    • † Family Tychobraheidae
    • † Family Velainellidae
  • Superfamily Turbinoidea
    • Family Turbinidae
    • Family Liotiidae
    • Family Phasianellidae

[edit] Clade Cocculiniformia

  • Superfamily Cocculinoidea
    • Family Cocculinidae

[edit] Clade Neritimorpha (= Neritopsina)

Contains the Palaeozoic Neritomorpha of uncertain position and the clades Cyrtoneritimorpha and Cycloneritimorpha

  • Unassigned to superfamily
    • † Family Craspedostomatidae
    • † Family Pragoscutulidae
  • Superfamily Nerrhenoidea
    • † Family Nerrhenidae
  • Superfamily Oriostomatoidea
    • † Family Oriostomatidae
    • † Family Tubinidae
  • Superfamily Palaeotrochoidea
    • † Family Palaeotrochidae
  • Superfamily Platyceratoidea
    • † Family Platyceratidae

[edit] Clade Cyrtoneritimorpha

    • † Family Orthonychiidae
    • † Family Vltaviellidae

[edit] Clade Cycloneritimorpha

  • Superfamily Helicinoidea
    • Family Helicinidae
    • † Family Dawsonellidae
    • † Family Deaniridae
    • Family Neritiliidae
    • Family Proserpinellidae
    • Family Proserpinidae
  • Superfamily Hydrocenoidea
  • Superfamily Neritoidea
    • Family Neritidae
    • Family Phenacolepadidae
    • † Family Pileolidae
  • Superfamily Neritopsoidea
    • Family Neritopsidae
    • † Family Cortinellidae
    • † Family Delphinulopsidae
    • † Family Plagiothyridae
    • † Family Pseudorthonychiidae
    • Family Titiscaniidae
  • Superfamily Symmetrocapuloidea
    • † Family Symmetrocapulidae

[edit] Clade Caenogastropoda

Contains the Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position, the informal group Architaenioglossa and the clades Sorbeoconcha and Hypsogastropoda

  • Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position
    • † Family Plicatusidae
    • † Family Spanionematidae
    • † Family Spirostylidae
  • Superfamily Acteoninoidea
    • † Family Acteoninidae
    • † Family Anozygidae
    • † Family Soleniscidae
  • Superfamily Dendropupoidea
    • † Family Dendropupidae
    • † Family Anthracopupidae
  • Superfamily Palaeostyloidea
    • † Family Palaeostylidae
    • † Family Goniasmatidae
    • † Family Pithodeidae
  • Superfamily Peruneloidea
    • † Family Perunelidae
    • † Family Chuchlinidae
    • † Family Imoglobidae
    • † Family Sphaerodomidae
  • Superfamily Pseudomelanioidea
    • † Family Pseudomelaniidae
    • † Family Trajanellidae
  • Superfamily Subulitoidea
    • † Family Subulitidae
    • † Family Ischnoptygmatidae
  • Zygopleuroid group
    • † Family Zygopleuridae
    • Family Abyssochrysidae
    • † Family Polygyrinidae
    • † Family Protoculidae
    • Family Provannidae
    • † Family Pseudozygopleuridae

[edit] Informal group Architaenioglossa

  • Superfamily Ampullarioidea
  • Superfamily Cyclophoroidea
    • Family Cyclophoridae
    • Family Aciculidae
    • Family Craspedopomatidae
    • Family Diplommatinidae
    • † Family Ferussinidae
    • Family Maizaniidae
    • Family Megalomastomatidae
    • Family Neocyclotidae
    • Family Pupinidae
  • Superfamily Viviparoidea

[edit] Clade Sorbeoconcha

  • Not allocated to superfamily
    • † Family Acanthonematidae
    • † Family Canterburyellidae
    • † Family Prisciphoridae
  • Superfamily Cerithioidea
    • Family Cerithiidae
    • Family Batillariidae
    • † Family Brachytrematidae
    • † Family Cassiopidae
    • Family Dialidae
    • Family Diastomatidae
    • † Family Eustomatidae
    • † Family Ladinulidae
    • † Family Lanascalidae
    • Family Litiopidae
    • † Family Madraxidae
    • Family Melanopsidae
    • † Family Metacerithiidae
    • Family Modulidae
    • Family Pachychilidae
    • Family Paludomidae
    • Family Planaxidae
    • Family Pleuroceridae
    • † Family Popenellidae
    • Family Potamididae
    • † Family Procerothiidae
    • † Family Prostyliferidae
    • † Family Propupaspiridae
    • Family Scaliolidae
    • Family Siliquariidae
    • † Family Terebrellidae
    • Family Thiaridae
    • Family Turritellidae
  • Superfamily Campaniloidea
    • Family Campanilidae
    • Family Ampullinidae
    • Family Plesiotrochidae
    • † Family Trypanaxidae

[edit] Clade Hypsogastropoda

Contains the clades Littorinimorpha, Neogastropoda and the informal group Ptenoglossa.

  • Not allocated to a superfamily
    • † Family Coelostylinidae
    • † Family Maturifusidae
    • † Family Pommerozygiidae
    • † Family Settsassiidae

[edit] Clade Littorinimorpha

  • Superfamily Calyptraeoidea
  • Superfamily Capuloidea
  • Superfamily Cingulopsoidea
  • Superfamliy Cypraeoidea
  • Superfamily Ficoidea
  • Superfamily Littorinoidea
    • Family Littorinidae
    • † Family Bohaispiridae
    • Family Pickworthiidae
    • Family Pomatiidae
    • † Family Purpurinidae
    • Family Skeneopsidae
    • † Family Tripartellidae
    • Family Zerotullidae
  • Superfamily Naticoidea
  • Superfamily Pterotracheoidea
  • Superfamily Rissooidea
    • Family Rissoidae
    • Family Amnicolidae
    • Family Anabathridae
    • Family Assimineidae
    • Family Barleeiidae
    • Family Bthyniidae
    • Family Caecidae
    • Family Calopiidae
    • Family Cochliopidae
    • Family Elachisinidae
    • Family Emblandidae
    • Family Epigridae
    • Family Falsicingulidae
    • Family Helicostoidae
    • Family Hydrobiidae
    • Family Hydrococcidae
    • Family Iravadiidae
    • Family Lithoglyphidae
    • † Family Mesocochliopidae
    • Family Moitessieriidae
    • † Family Palaeorissoinidae
    • Family Pomatiopsidae
    • Family Stenothyridae
    • Family Tornidae
    • Family Truncatellidae
  • Superfamily Stromboidea
    • Family Aporrhaidae
    • † Family Colombellinidae
    • † Family Pugnellidae
    • Family Seraphsidae
    • Family Strombidae
    • Family Struthiolariidae
    • † Family Thersiteidae
    • † Family Tylostomatidae
  • Superfamily Tonnoidea
  • Superfamily Vanikoroidea
    • Family Vanikoridae
    • Family Haloceratidae
    • Family Hipponicidae
    • † Family Omalaxidae
  • Superfamily Velutinoidea
  • Superfamily Vermetoidea
  • Superfamily Xenophoroidea

[edit] Informal group Ptenoglossa

[edit] Clade Neogastropoda

  • Unassigned to a superfamily
    • † Family Johnwyattiidae
    • † Family Perissityidae
    • † Family Sarganidae
    • † Family Speightiidae
    • † Family Taiomidae
    • † Family Weeksiidae
  • Superfamily Buccinoidea
  • Superfamily Muricoidea
  • Superfamily Olivoidea
  • Superfamily Pseudolivoidea
    • Family Pseudolividae
    • Family Ptychatractidae
  • Superfamily Conoidea
    • Family Conidae
    • Family Clavatulidae
    • Family Drilliidae
    • Family Pseudomelatomidae
    • Family Strictispiridae
    • Family Terebridae
    • Family Turridae
  • Superfamily Cancellarioidea

[edit] Clade Heterobranchia

Contains the informal groups Heterobranchia, Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata

[edit] Informal group "Lower Heterobranchia" (= Allogastropoda)

  • Unassigned to a superfamily
    • Family Cimidae
    • † Family Dolomitellidae
    • † Family Heterosubulitidae
    • † Family Kuskokwimiidae
    • † Family Misurinellidae
    • Family Orbitestellidae
    • Family Tjaernoeiidae
    • Family Xylodisculidae
  • Superfamily Acteonoidea
  • Superfamily Architectonocoidea
    • Family Architectonidae
    • † Family Amphitomariidae
    • † Family Cassianaxidae
  • Superfamily Glacidorboidea
    • Family Glacidorbidae
  • Superfamily Mathildoidea
    • Family Mathildidae
    • † Family Ampezzanildidae
    • † Family Anoptychiidae
    • † Family Gordenellidae
    • † Family Tofanellidae
    • † Family Trachoecidae
  • Superfamily Nerineoidea
    • † Family Nerineidae
    • † Family Ceritellidae
    • † Family Nerinellidae
  • Superfamily Omalogyroidea
  • Superfamily Pyramidelloidea
  • Superfamily Ringiculoidea
  • Superfamily Rissoelloidea
  • Superfamily Streptacidoidea
    • † Family Streptacididae
    • † Family Cassianebalidae
  • Superfamily Valvatoidea
    • Family Valvatidae
    • Family Cornirostridae
    • Family Hyalogyrinidae
    • † Family Provalvatidae

[edit] Informal group Opisthobranchia

Contains the clades Cephalaspidea, Thecosomata, Gymnosomata, Aplysiomorpha, Sacoglossa, Umbraculida, Nudipleura and the groups Acochlidiacea and Cylindrobullida.

[edit] Clade Cephalaspidea

[edit] Clade Thecosomata

[edit] Clade Gymnosomata

[edit] Clade Aplysiomorpha (= Anaspidea)

[edit] Group Acochlidiacea

  • Superfamily Acochlidioidea
    • Family Acochlidiidae
  • Superfamily Hedylopsoidea
    • Family Hedylopsidae
    • Family Ganitidae
    • Family Livorniellidae
    • Family Minicheviellidae
    • Family Parhedylidae
    • Family Tantulidae
  • Superfamily Palliohedyloidea
    • Family Palliohedylidae
  • Superfamily Strubellioidea
    • Family Strubelliidae
    • Family Pseudunelidae

[edit] Clade Sacoglossa

[edit] Subclade Oxynoacea

  • Superfamily Oxynooidea
    • Family Oxynoidae
    • Family Juliidae
    • Family Volvatellidae

[edit] Subclade Placobranchacea

  • Superfamily Placobranchoidea
  • Superfamily Limapontioidea

[edit] Group Cylindrobullida

  • Superfamily Cylindrobulloidea
    • Family Cylindrobullidae

[edit] Clade Umbraculida

  • Superfamily Umbraculoidea

[edit] Clade Nudipleura

[edit] Subclade Pleurobranchomorpha

[edit] Subclade Nudibranchia

Contains the clades Euctinidiacea and Dexiarchia

  • Unassigned to superfamily
    • Family Rhodopidae

[edit] Clade Euctenidiacea ( = Holohepatica)

Contains the subclades Gnathodoridacea and Doridacea

[edit] Subclade Gnathodoridacea
  • Superfamily Bathydoridoidea
    • Family Bathydorididae

[edit] Subclade Doridacea

[edit] Clade Nudibranchia Dexiarchia (= Actenidiacea)

Contains the clades Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia

[edit] Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea ( = Doridoxida)
  • Superfamily Doridoxoidea
    • Family Doridoxidae

[edit] Clade Cladobranchia ( = Cladohepatica)

Contains the subclades Euarminida, Dendronotida and Aeolidida

  • Not assigned to a superfamily
    • Family Charcotiidae
    • Family Dironidae
    • Family Dotidae
    • Family Embletoniidae
    • Family Goniaeolididae
    • Family Heroidae
    • Family Madrellidae
    • Family Pinufiidae
    • Family Proctonotidae

[edit] Subclade Euarminida
  • Superfamily Arminoidea
    • Family Arminidae
    • Family Doridomorphidae

[edit] Subclade Dendronotida
  • Superfamily Tritonioidea
    • Family Tritoniidae
    • Family Aranucidae
    • Family Bornellidae
    • Family Dendronotidae
    • Family Hancockiidae
    • Family Lomanoridae
    • Family Phylliroidae
    • Family Scyllaeidae
    • Family Tethydidae

[edit] Subclade Aeolidida

[edit] Informal Group Pulmonata

Contains the informal group Basommatophora and the clade Eupulmonata

[edit] Informal Group Basommatophora

Contains the clade Hygrophila

[edit] Clade Hygrophila

[edit] Clade Eupulmonata

Contains the clades Systellomatophora and Stylommatophora

  • Superfamily Trimusculoidea
  • Superfamily Otinoidea
    • Family Otinidae
    • Family Smeagolidae
  • Superfamily Ellobioidea
    • Family Ellobiidae

[edit] Clade Systelommatophora ( = Gymnomorpha)


[edit] Clade Stylommatophora

Contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra

[edit] Subclade Elasmognatha

[edit] Subclade Orthurethra
  • Superfamily Partuloidea
  • Superfamily Achatinelloidea
  • Superfamily Cochlicopoidea
  • Superfamily Pupilloidea
    • Family Pupillidae
    • Family Arginidae
    • Family Chondrinidae
    • † Family Cylindrellinidae
    • Family Lauriidae
    • Family Orculidae
    • Family Pleurodiscidae
    • Family Pyramidulidae
    • Family Spelaeodiscidae
    • Family Strobilopsidae
    • Family Valloniidae
    • Family Vertiginidae
  • Superfamily Enoidea
    • Family Enidae
    • Family Cerastidae

[edit] Informal Group Sigmurethra
  • Superfamily Clausilioidea
    • Family Clausiliidae
    • † Family Anadromidae
    • † Family Filholiidae
    • † Family Palaeostoidae
  • Superfamily Orthalicoidea
    • Family Orthalicidae
    • Family Cerionidae
    • Family Coelociontidae
    • † Family Grangerellidae
    • Family Megaspiridae
    • Family Placostylidae
    • Family Urocoptidae
  • Superfamily Achatinoidea
  • Superfamily Aillyoidea
    • Family Aillyidae
  • Superfamily Testacelloidea
  • Superfamily Papillodermatoidea
    • Family Papillodermatidae
  • Superfamily Streptaxoidea
  • Superfamily Rhytidoidea
  • Superfamily Acavoidea
    • Family Acavidae
    • Family Caryodidae
    • Family Dorcasiidae
    • Family Macrocyclidae
    • Family Megomphicidae
    • Family Strophocheilidae
  • Superfamily Punctoidea
  • Superfamily Sagdoidea

[edit] "'Limacoid clade"'
  • Superfamily Staffordioidea
    • Family Staffordiidae
  • Superfamily Dyakioidea
    • Family Dyakiidae
  • Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
    • Family Gastrodontidae
    • Family Chronidae
    • Family Euconulidae
    • Family Oxychilidae
    • Family Pristilomatidae
    • Family Trochomorphidae
    • Fossil taxa probably belonging to the Gastrodontoidea
      • Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
      • Subfamily † Grandipatulinae
      • Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae
  • Superfamily Parmacelloidea
    • Family Parmacellidae
    • Family Milacidae
    • Family Trigonochlamydidae
  • Superfamily Zonitoidea
  • Superfamily Helicarionoidea
  • Superfamily Limacoidea
  • Superfamily Arionoidea
    • Family Arionidae
    • Family Anadenidae
    • Family Ariolimacidae
    • Family Binneyidae
    • Family Oopeltidae
    • Family Philomycidae
  • Superfamily Helicoidea
    • Family Helicidae
    • Family Bradybaenidae
    • Family Camaeinidae
    • Family Cepolidae
    • Family Cochlicellidae
    • Family Elonidae
    • Family Epiphragmophoridae
    • Family Halolimnohelicidae
    • Family Helicontidae
    • Family Helminthoglyptidae
    • Family Humboldtianidae
    • Family Hygromiidae
    • Family Monadeniidae
    • Family Pleurodontidae
    • Family Polygiridae
    • Family Sphincterochilidae
    • Family Thysanophoridae
    • Family Trissexodontidae
    • Family Xanthonychidae

[edit] References

  • Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families". Malacologia 47 (1-2): 1–397.