Taunus-Eisenbahn

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KBS 645.1: Stations and structures
Route Number:	645.1
Line number:	3603/3610
Line length:	41,2 km
Gauge:	1435 mm
Legend Line from Hbf to Höchst: left Taunus-Eisenbahn (RB), right Main-Lahn-Bahn (S) Taunusbahnhof (1839-1888) 0,0 Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof (since 1888) 1,0 to Main-Weser-Bahn / Homburger Bahn City Tunnel ramp Main-Weser-Bahn goods line – Main-Neckar-Bahn Hbf-sidings 2,1 Gutleuthof branch from Riedbahn and Frankfurt Airport 3,1 from Riedbahn, Mainbahn, Airport north of the line: Frankfurt Feldbahn museum 3,9 Rödelheimer Kurve 6,1 formerly from Frankfurt goodsyard 6,? formerly from Bäderkurve (Block Niederwald) Frankfurt-Griesheim Frankfurt-Nied 7,6 left: Nied railway bridge (Nidda) 9,0 to Sodener Bahn 9,3 Frankfurt-Höchst 9,4 to Königsteiner Bahn not electrified 10,2 Höchst dyeworks 10,5 to Main-Lahn-Bahn (since 1877) 12,2 Frankfurt-Sindlingen B 40 14,9 Hattersheim 18,9 Hattersheim-Eddersheim Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line A 3 Weilbacher Straße B 519 21,9 Flörsheim am Main Hochheimer Straße B 519 B 519 25,0 Flörsheim Taubertsmühle branch (Shell) 28,4 Hochheim am Main A 671 Mainbahn from Mainz-Bischofsheim 30,9 to Mainz-Bischofsheim 30,9 to Mainbahn Kostheimer Landstraße B 43 33,4 Mainz-Kastel Kreisel Theodor Heuss Bridge B 40 Mainz - Kaiser Bridge – Wiesbaden Ost Bischofsheim Mainz branch to Wiesbaden to Mainz via Kaiser Bridge 37,8 Wiesbaden Ost to Nassauische Rheintalbahn (KBS 466), to Niederlahnstein and Right Rhine line BAB 66 Cologne-Frankfurt high-speed rail line (since 2002) Ländchesbahn to Niedernhausen (since 1879) Wiesbaden-Wäschbach, from the Aartalbahn 41,2 Wiesbaden Hbf (since 1906) Taunusbahnhof (1840-1906)

The Taunus-Eisenbahn (Taunus Railway) is a double-track electrified railway line, which connects Frankfurt and Wiesbaden, Germany. It is 41.2 km long and follows the course of the Main, mostly close to its north side. Its first stage was opened in September 1839 and is thus the oldest railroad line in the German state of Hesse. Today it is used by RegionalExpress trains between Frankfurt and Wiesbaden and the trains of Line 1 of the Rhine-Main S-Bahn between Frankfurt-Höchst and Wiesbaden. Between Frankfurt Hbf (Frankfurt central station) and Frankfurt-Höchst, they run on the former Hessische Ludwigsbahn line.

[edit] History

Situation of the Taunusbahnhof on the western outskirts of the town of Frankfurt on an 1845 map

The Taunusbahnhof in Frankfurt and its neighbouring stations around 1860

The building of the line was preceded by many years of negotiations between three sovereigns states, through which the planned line ran: the Free City of Frankfurt, the Duchy of Nassau (of which Wiesbaden was capital), and for the section in Mainz-Kastel, a right Rhine suburb of Mainz, in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. In particular the Grand Duchy opposed its building, because it feared a loss of traffic from itself as a result of the connection of the other two states, and demanded instead rail connections between Frankfurt and its own cities of Darmstadt, Mainz and Offenbach. In the end they agreed on the current route.

In 1835, a committee established for the construction of the line sold shares, which were immediately oversubscribed 40 times. Work began in 1837, although the final concession was not approved until 1838: on 8 May by the City of Frankfurt, on 11 May by the Grand Duchy of Hessen and on 13 June by Nassau. The Taunus railway company was established on 12 August 1838 in Frankfurt/Main. Paul Camille von Denis, a Bavarian born in Mainz and had worked on the first German railway between Nuremberg and Fürth (opened in 1835), designed the route.

[edit] Operations

The first stage was opened on 26 September 1839 from the Taunusbahnhof in Gallusanlage (now Willy-Brandt-Platz), Frankfurt by the Mainz masterbuilder, Ignaz Opfermann, in the then small Nassau town of Höchst am Main. The railway reached Hattersheim am Main on 24 November 1839 and Mainz-Kastel on 13 April 1840. The extension to the Wiesbadener Taunusbahnhof on the Rheinstraße was opened 19 May 1840. It was the ninth railway line opened in Germany.

The director of the company from 1840 to 1852 was Johann Adam Beil, a Hessian privy councillor and former Frankfurt senator.

The line was originally 43.4 kilometers long. A 6.6 kilometers branch from Höchst to Bad Soden (the Sodener Bahn) opened in 1863.

Originally the railway operated six locomotives from the factory of George and Robert Stephenson, 87 carriages and 44 wagons. The first engine drivers were British.

[edit] Ownership change

Höchst station (demolished 1880)

The Taunus-Eisenbahn suffered from competition from the Frankfurt - Mainz line (opened on the left bank of the Main in 1863) and it decided to sell its company to the Hessische Ludwigsbahn in 1871. The Ludwigsbahn took over the enterprise with effect from 1 January 1872, but it sold it on to the Prussian state railway, which took it over on 3 May 1872.

In 1888, the line in Frankfurt was shortened by about a kilometer when it was diverted from its old railway terminal to the new Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof. The same happened 1906 at the Wiesbaden end, ehrn the current Wiesbadener Hbf replaced the old Taunusbahnhof.

In 1920 the line was taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. It attained great importance for long distance, regional and suburban traffic. Including its extension, the Right Rhine line, it is today part of Regionalexpress line RE 10 of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund, which runs from Frankfurt to Koblenz. Not much long-distance passenger traffic uses it any more, but it is well connected to Frankfurt Hbf and Frankfurt Airport long distance station (via Frankfurt Airport long regional station), which both have excellent long distance connections.

[edit] Sources

• Eisenbahnatlas Deutschland –2005/2006 edition, Schweers + Wall, 2005, ISBN 3-89494-134-0 (German)
• Eisenbahn in Hessen. Kulturdenkmäler in Hessen. Denkmaltopographie Bundesrepublik Deutschland, hrsg. vom Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Hessen, Theiss Verlag Stuttgart, 2005, 3 volumes, 1.448 S., ISBN 3-8062-1917-6 (German)
• Arbeitsmaterial für den SU, Naacher, 3rd edition, 1991 (German)