Tashkent Declaration
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The Tashkent Declaration of January 10, 1966 was a peace agreement between India and Pakistan. In September of 1965 before the two had engaged in the short run Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Peace had been achieved on September 23 by the intervention of the great powers who pushed the two nations to a cease fire for fears the conflict could escalate and draw in other powers.
A meeting was held in Tashkent in the USSR (now in Uzbekistan) beginning on January 4, 1966 to try to create a more permanent settlement. The Soviets, represented by Premier Kosygin moderated between Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistani President Muhammad Ayub Khan.
The conference was viewed as a great success and the declaration that was released was hoped to be a framework for lasting peace. The declaration stated that
- Indian and Pakistani forces would pull back to their pre-conflict positions
- The nations would not interfere in each other's internal affairs
- Economic and diplomatic relations would be restored
- The two leaders would work towards building good relations between the two countries.
The day after the declaration Indian Prime Minister Shastri died of a sudden heart attack. In Pakistan many civilians felt that they had won the war - though Pakistan had suffered more casualties and territorial losses - and were disappointed at the return to the status quo ante bellum. The agreement was criticized in India because it did not contain a no-war pact or any renunciation of guerrilla warfare in Kashmir. The two countries would again be at war in 1971.
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