Taranaki
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Taranaki is a region in the west of New Zealand's North Island. It is named for the region's main geographical feature, Mount Taranaki.
Contents |
[edit] Geography and people
Taranaki is situated on the west coast of the North Island, surrounding the volcanic peak. The large bays north-west and south-west of Cape Egmont are prosaically named the North Taranaki Bight and the South Taranaki Bight.
Mount Taranaki or Mount Egmont—Te Maunga O Taranaki in Māori—is the dominant feature of the region, being the second-tallest mountain in the North Island. Māori legend says that Taranaki previously lived with the Tongariro, Ngauruhoe and Ruapehu mountains of the central North Island but fled to its current location after a battle with Tongariro.
Taranaki, a near-perfect cone, last erupted in the mid-18th century. The mountain and its immediate surrounds form Egmont National Park.
Although Māori had called the mountain Taranaki for many centuries, Captain James Cook re-named it Egmont after the Earl of Egmont the recently retired First Lord of the Admiralty who had encouraged his expedition. The official name is "Mount Taranaki or Mount Egmont".
The region has an area of 7258 km² and an estimated population of 105,000 (June 2006). Just under half live in the city of New Plymouth. Other centres include Waitara, Inglewood, Stratford, Opunake,Okato, Kaponga, Eltham, Hawera, Patea and Waverley—the southern-most town.
The region has had a strong Māori presence for centuries. The local iwi (tribes) include Ngāti Mutunga, Ngāti Maru, Ngāti Ruanui, Taranaki, Te Ati Awa, Nga Rauru, Ngāruahinerangi and Ngāti Tama.
The region is exceptionally fertile, thanks to generous rainfall and the rich volcanic soil. Dairy farming predominates, with the milk factory just outside Hawera being the second largest in the Southern Hemisphere. There are also oil and gas deposits in the region, both on- and off-shore. The Maui gas field off the south-west coast has provided most of New Zealand's gas supply as well as, at one time, supporting two methanol plants (one formerly a synthetic-petrol plant called the Gas-To-Gasolene plant) near Waitara. More fuel and fertilizer is produced from a well-complex at Kapuni. However, the Maui field is being depleted sooner than expected, leading to increased efforts to find further reserves.
The way the land mass projects into the Tasman Sea with northerly, westerly and southerly exposures results in many excellent surfing and windsurfing locations, some of them considered world-class.
[edit] History
Subsequent to Māori settlement in the 13th century and the off-and-on settlement of British whaling and sealing sailors in the early 19th century, New Plymouth first experienced organised European settlement in the early 1840s. European expansion, out from New Plymouth, was prevented by the local tribes' opposition to selling their land and, later, to a strong identification with the King Movement.
As a result of dubious land trading at Waitara there was much fighting in the New Zealand land wars of the 1860s, with thousands of British imperial troops being called in to attempt to pacify the area.
The present main highway follows the path taken by the British as they marched from Patea to New Plymouth.
Following the withdrawal of the British troops Māori resistance continued, with Titokowaru leading an uprising that achieved notable successes against the colonial forces in the south Taranaki region. Titokowaru advanced, southward, almost to Wanganui while defeating three colonial forces and causing much alarm among the settlers.
Titokowaru's vigorous military response can be contrasted with Te Whiti o Rongomai's peaceful opposition centred in Parihaka. However, Te Whiti's peaceful community was brutally suppressed by colonial troops on 5 November 1881.
The result of Māori opposition to illegal settlement of their land was a series of illegal government land confiscations. By 1865 the entire Taranaki district had been confiscated. The release of a Waitangi Tribunal report on the situation in 1996 led to some debate on the matter. In a speech to a group of psychologists, Associate Minister of Māori Affairs Tariana Turia compared the suppression of Taranaki Māori to the Holocaust, provoking a vigorous reaction around New Zealand, with Prime Minister Helen Clark among those voicing criticism.
For a fuller coverage of the land confiscations, see Waitara, New Zealand.
Also see First Taranaki War and Second Taranaki War.
[edit] Governance
[edit] Provincial Government
From 1853 the Taranaki region was governed as the Taranaki Province, (initially known as the New Plymouth Province) until the abolition of New Zealand provinces in 1876. The leading office was that of the superintendent.
The following is a list of superintendents of the Province of Taranaki during this time:
| Superintendent | Term |
|---|---|
| Charles Brown | 1853-1857 |
| George Cutfield | 1857-1861 |
| Charles Brown | 1861-1865 |
| Henry Robert Richmond | 1865-1869 |
| Frederic Alonso Carrington | 1869-1876 |
[edit] Taranaki Regional Council
The Taranaki Regional Council was formed as part of major nationwide local government reforms in November 1989, for the purpose of Integrated catchment management. The regional council was the successor to the Taranaki Catchment Board, the Taranaki United Council, the Taranaki Harbours Board, and 16 small special-purpose local bodies that were abolished under the Local Government Amendment Act (No 3) 1988. The Council's headquarters were established in the central location of Stratford to "provide a good compromise in respect of overcoming traditional south vs north Taranaki community of interest conflicts" (Taranaki Regional Council, 2001 p.6).
[edit] Functions
The Council operates under the Resource Management Act mandate of sustainable management, and carries out the following functions:
- Policy and planning
- Civil defence emergency management
- Resource consents
- Land management
- River control and flood protection
- Land transport and harbour management
- Resource investigations, monitoring and enhancement
- Pest management
- Recreation, culture and heritage
- Regional representation, information and investments
[edit] Chairmen
- Ross Allen (1989-2001)
- David Walter (2001-2007)
- David MacLeod (2007-)
[edit] Placenames in Taranaki
The Māori language spoken in Taranaki replaces the sound of h (both on its own and in wh) with a break. (The sound used in adjacent Wanganui is similar but not identical.) Thus the famous elder Hina Okeroa was universally known as Ina. The name of the river flowing through New Plymouth, Waiwakaiho, would be written wai whakaiho (meaning "water flowing downward") in Central North Island Māori. It has been suggested that this sound be represented by a question mark, as in "Waiw?akaiho", but that has not caught on.
[edit] Famous sons and daughters
- Michael Campbell—golfer
- Graham Kirk—artist
- Len Lye—artist, filmmaker Born in Christchurch, collection only housed in New Plymouth.
- Melanie Lynskey—actress
- Graham Mourie—former All Black captain
- Darcy Nicholas—artist[1]
- Michael Smither—artist
- Luke McAlister—New Zealand All Blacks
- Grant Fox—Former All Black fly-half, born in New Plymouth
[edit] Further reading
- J. S. Tullett (1981). The Industrious Heart: A History of New Plymouth. New Plymouth District Council
- Belich, James (1988). The New Zealand Wars. Penguin.
- Dick Scott (1998). Ask That Mountain ISBN 0-7900-0190-X. Reed.
[edit] Other information
Taranaki's landscape and the mountain's supposed resemblance to Mount Fuji led it to be selected as the location for The Last Samurai, a motion picture set in 19th-century Japan. The movie starred Tom Cruise.
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
[edit] External links
- [http://www.taranaki.info Taranaki - Like No Other : The Official Tourism website
- Puke Ariki: Taranaki's combined museum, library and visitor information centre
- Taranaki Wiki: A Wiki Project encouraging contributions from anyone for all things Taranaki
- Taranaki Tourism website with in-depth information about the region and an image library
- Taranaki Regional Council website
|
||||||||||||||
