Tanakh at Qumran
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The Tanakh is the Hebrew Bible and Qumran is an archaeological site near the Dead Sea. More than two hundred portions of the Tanakh have been found near Qumran, forming part of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The scrolls were found in a series of caves, which have since been numbered, and these numbers used in the reference name of each scroll portion. For example 4Q108 is a fragment of a scroll from Cave 4, it is the 108th listed manuscript from that cave. More than half of the Tanakh portions from Qumran are from Cave 4.
The Dead Sea Scrolls in general are Hebrew language manuscripts, written in Assyrian Block script (90—95%). Some, however, were written in the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet. A few biblical manuscripts were written in Greek uncial script and appear to be copies of the Septuagint text. Nearly all the scrolls were written on vellum, however there are a few papyri. Although not a biblical text, one scroll (3Q15) was actually inscribed on copper.[1]
Contents |
[edit] List of Tanakh portions from Qumran
| Name | Contents | # | Script | type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1Q1 | Genesis | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 1Q2 | Exodus | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 1Q3 | Leviticus | Paleo | vellum | |
| 1Q4 | Deuteronomy | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 1Q5 | Deuteronomy | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 1Q6 | Judges | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 1Q7 | 1-2 Samuel | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 1Q8 | Isaiah | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 1Q9 | Ezekiel | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 1Q10 | Psalms | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 1Q11 | Psalms | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 1Q12 | Psalm 44 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 1Q13 | Phylactery Decalogue | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 1Q71 | Daniel | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 1Q72 | Daniel | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 1QIsa | Isaiah | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 1QIsb | Isaiah | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q1 | Genesis | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 2Q2 | Exodus | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q3 | Exodus | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q4 | Exodus | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q5 | Leviticus | en | Paleo | vellum |
| 2Q6 | Numbers | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q7 | Numbers | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q8 | Numbers | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q9 | Numbers | d | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q10 | Deuteronomy 1 | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q11 | Deuteronomy | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q12 | Deuteronomy 10 | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q13 | Jeremiah | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 2Q14 | Psalms 103-104 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 2Q15 | Job 3 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 2Q16 | Ruth | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 2Q17 | Ruth | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 3Q1 | Ezekiel 16 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 3Q2 | Psalm 2 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 3Q3 | Lamentations | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 4Q1 | Gen-Ex | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q2 | Genesis | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q3 | Genesis | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q4 | Genesis | d | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q5 | Genesis | e | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q6 | Genesis | f | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q7 | Genesis | g | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q8 | Genesis | h | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q9 | Genesis | j | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q10 | Genesis | k | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q11 | Gen-Ex | l | Paleo | vellum |
| 4Q12 | Genesis | m | Paleo | vellum |
| 4Q13 | Exodus | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q14 | Exodus | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q15 | Exodus | d | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q16 | Exodus | e | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q17 | Ex-Lev | f | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q18 | Exodus | g | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q19 | Exodus | h | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q20 | Exodus | j | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q21 | Exodus | k | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q22 | Exodus | m | Paleo | vellum |
| 4Q23 | Lev-Num | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q24 | Leviticus | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q25 | Leviticus | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q26 | Leviticus | d | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q26a | Leviticus | e | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q26b | Leviticus | g | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q27 | Numbers | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q28 | Deuteronomy | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q29 | Deuteronomy | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q30 | Deuteronomy | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q31 | Deuteronomy | d | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q32 | Deuteronomy | e | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q33 | Deuteronomy | f | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q34 | Deuteronomy | g | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q35 | Deuteronomy | h | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q36 | Deuteronomy | i | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q37 | Deuteronomy | j | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q38 | Deuteronomy | k1 | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q38a | Deuteronomy | k2 | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q38b | Deuteronomy | k3 | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q39 | Deuteronomy | l | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q40 | Deuteronomy | m | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q41 | Deuteronomy | n | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q42 | Deuteronomy | o | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q43 | Deuteronomy | p | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q44 | Deuteronomy | q | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q45 | Deuteronomy | r | Paleo | vellum |
| 4Q46 | Deuteronomy | s | Paleo | vellum |
| 4Q47 | Joshua | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q48 | Joshua | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q49 | Judges | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q50 | Judges | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q51 | Samuel | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q52 | Samuel | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q53 | Samuel | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q54 | Kings | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 4Q55 | Isaiah | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q56 | Isaiah | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q57 | Isaiah | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q58 | Isaiah | d | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q59 | Isaiah | e | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q60 | Isaiah | f | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q61 | Isaiah | g | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q62 | Isaiah | h | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q63 | Isaiah | j | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q64 | Isaiah | k | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q65 | Isaiah | l | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q66 | Isaiah | m | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q67 | Isaiah | n | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q68 | Isaiah | o | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q69 | Isaiah | p | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q70 | Jeremiah | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q71 | Jeremiah | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q72 | Jeremiah | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q73 | Ezekiel | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q74 | Ezekiel | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q75 | Ezekiel | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q76 | The Twelve | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q77 | The Twelve | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q78 | The Twelve | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q79 | The Twelve | d | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q80 | The Twelve | e | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q81 | The Twelve | f | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q82 | The Twelve | g | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q83 | Psalms | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q84 | Psalms | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q85 | Psalms | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q86 | Psalms | d | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q87 | Psalms | e | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q88 | Psalms | f | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q89 | Psalms | g | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q90 | Psalms | h | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q91 | Psalms | j | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q92 | Psalms | k | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q93 | Psalms | l | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q94 | Psalms | m | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q95 | Psalms | n | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q96 | Psalms | o | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q97 | Psalms | p | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q98 | Psalms | q | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q98a | Psalms | r | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q98b | Psalms | s | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q98c | Psalms | t | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q98d | Psalms | u | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q98e | Psalms | v | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q98f | Psalms | w | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q98g | Psalms | x | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q99 | Job | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q100 | Job | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q101 | Job | c | Paleo | vellum |
| 4Q104 | Ruth | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q105 | Ruth | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q106 | Canticles | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q107 | Canticles | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q108 | Canticles | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q109 | Qohelet | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q110 | Qohelet | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q111 | Lamentations | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 4Q112 | Daniel | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q113 | Daniel | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q114 | Daniel | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q115 | Daniel | d | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q116 | Daniel | e | Hebrew | vellum |
| 4Q117 | Ezra | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 4Q118 | Chronicles | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 4Q119 | Leviticus | a | Greek | vellum |
| 4Q120 | Leviticus | b | Greek | papyrus |
| 4Q121 | Numbers | Greek | vellum | |
| 4Q122 | Deuteronomy | Greek | vellum | |
| 4Q123 | Joshua* | Paleo | vellum | |
| 4Q124 | Unidentified | Paleo | vellum | |
| 4Q125 | Unidentified | Paleo | vellum | |
| 4Q126 | Unidentified | Greek | vellum | |
| 4Q127 | Exodus* | Greek | papyrus | |
| 4Q522 | Ps 122* | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 5Q1 | Deuteronomy | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 5Q2 | 1 Kings 1 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 5Q3 | Isaiah 40 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 5Q4 | Amos 1 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 5Q5 | Psalms 119 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 5Q6 | Lamentations | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 5Q7 | Lamentations 4 | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 5Q8 | Phylactery | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 6Q1 | Genesis 6 | Paleo | vellum | |
| 6Q2 | Leviticus 8 | Paleo | vellum | |
| 6Q3 | Deuteronomy 26 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 6Q4 | 1-2 Kings | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 6Q6 | Canticles | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 6Q7 | Daniel | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 6Q19 | Genesis | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 6Q20 | Deuteronomy | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 7Q1 | Exodus | Greek | papyrus | |
| 7Q3 | Unidentified | Greek | papyrus | |
| 7Q4 | Unidentified | Greek | papyrus | |
| 7Q5 | Controversial | Greek | papyrus | |
| 8Q1 | Genesis 17-18 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 8Q2 | Psalms 17-18 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 8Q3 | Phylactery Ex, Dt | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 11Q1 | Leviticus | a | Paleo | vellum |
| 11Q2 | Leviticus | b | Paleo | vellum |
| 11Q3 | Deuteronomy 1 | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 11Q4 | Ezekiel | Hebrew | vellum | |
| 11Q5 | Psalms | a | Hebrew | vellum |
| 11Q6 | Ps 141;133;144;118 | b | Hebrew | vellum |
| 11Q7 | Psalms | c | Hebrew | vellum |
| 11Q8 | Psalms | d | Hebrew | vellum |
| 11Q9 | Psalms 36-37;86 | e | Hebrew | vellum |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Frequently asked questions
[edit] External links
- Biblical Archaeology Society website: 'Caves and Contents'
- Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature
- D Barthélemy (ed) and JT Milik. Qumran Cave I. Discoveries in the Judaean Desert I. Oxford: Clarendon, 1955.
- M Baillet, JT Milik and R de Vaux (eds). Les 'Petites Grottes' de Qumrân. Discoveries in the Judaean Desert III. Oxford: Clarendon, 1962.
- Eugene Ulrich and others. Paleo Hebrew and Greek Biblical Manuscripts. Qumran Cave 4 IV. Discoveries in the Judaean Desert IX. Oxford: Clarendon, 1992.
- Eugene Ulrich and others. Genesis to Numbers. Qumran Cave 4 VII. Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XII. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994.
- Eugene Ulrich and others. Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Kings. Qumran Cave 4 IX. Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XIV. Oxford: Clarendon, 1995.
- Eugene Ulrich and others. Psalms to Chronicles. Qumran Cave 4 XI. Discoveries in the Judaean Desert XVI. Oxford: Clarendon, 2000.
- MA Hoselton. 'Inventory of Manuscripts from Qumran'. Dead Sea Scrolls and Qumran. Unpublished.
