Takiji Kobayashi
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- In this Japanese name, the family name is Kobayashi.
Takiji Kobayashi (小林 多喜二 Kobayashi Takiji?, October 13, 1903–February 20, 1933) is a Japanese author of proletarian literature.
He was born in Odate, Akita and was brought up in Otaru, Hokkaidō. After graduating the Otaru School of Higher Learning, which is the current Otaru University of Commerce, he worked at the Otaru branch of Hokkaido Takushoku Bank. His most famous work is Kanikosen (Crab-Canning Boat) in 1929. It tells the story of several different people and the beginning of organization into unions of fishing workers. He joined the Japanese Communist Party in 1931, and was killed under torture by police two years later at the age of 29.