Takelma language

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Takelma
Spoken in:	United States
Region:	Oregon, Rogue Valley along the middle course of the Rogue River
Language extinction:	19th century
Language family:	Language isolate  Takelma
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	nai
ISO 639-3:	tkm
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Takelma was the language spoken by the Takelma people.

Contents 1 Genealogical relations 2 Phonology 2.1 Consonants 3 Words 4 References

[edit] Genealogical relations

Takelma is a language isolate. Takelma has been considered to be in a Takelman (or Takelma-Kalapuyan) language family together with the Kalapuyan languages (Swadesh 1965). However, a recent paper by Tarpent & Kendall (1998) finds this relationship to be unfounded because of the extremely different morphological structures of Takelma and Kalapuyan. However, there is much hopeful speculation that Takelma (along with Kalapuyan and other language groups) may be part of a proposed Penutian super-family, as suggested by Edward Sapir (1921).

[edit] Phonology

[edit] Consonants

		Bi­la­bial	Al­veo­lar		Postal­veo­lar or pa­la­tal	Ve­lar		Glot­tal
			cen­tral	la­te­ral		voiced	un- voiced
Plosive	unaspirated	p	t				k	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ				kʰ
	ejective	pʼ	tʼ				kʼ
Affricate	ejective		ʦ’		ʧ’
Fricative			s	ɬ	ʃ		x	h
Nasal		m	n
Approximant				l	j	w	ʍ

[edit] Words

• mì:ʔskaʔ - one
• kà:ʔm - two
• xìpiní - three
• kamkàm - four
• dé:hal - five
• haʔi:mìʔs - six
• haʔi:kà:ʔm - seven
• haʔi:xín - eight
• haʔi:kó - nine
• ìxti:l - ten

[edit] References

• Sapir, Edward. 1909. Takelma Texts. University of Pennsylvania Anthropological Publications 2(1):1-263.
• Sapir, Edward. 1922. The Takelma Language of Southwestern Oregon. In Handbook of American Indian Languages, part II, pp. 1-296. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 40.