Tadeusz Chyliński
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Tadeusz Chylinski (13 October 1911 in Warsaw – 15 February 1978 in Warsaw) – was a Polish airplane developer and constructor.
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[edit] Before World War II
Chyliński was the son of Stanisław Kazimierz and Zofia J. née Tuszowski. In 1920, went to the Muszyński School in Warsaw. After a year he moved to Milanówek (suburb of Warsaw), where his parents bought the "Afrykanka" estate, and where he attended coeducational Classical High School.
In 1926, he returned to Warsaw to continue his education in the school of Ludwik Lorentz "Lorencowka", which was located at 18 Bracka Street, from which he graduated in 1930. He began studies at the University of Warsaw, but in 1931, he moved to the Mechanical Division of the Warsaw University of Technology (Warsaw Tech) and its aeronautical school. During his studies, he obtained a glider pilot license at the Anti-aircraft and Anti-gas League (LOPP) in Sokola Góra near Krzemieniec. He practiced in Yugoslavia as well. At the same time, he obtained a Bachelor's degree in the Aeronautical Section of Warsaw Tech's Mechanical Department.
During the years 1936-1937, he passed military training in the pre-officer school of Artillery in Wlodzimierz Wolynski, 5th battery, obtaining the grade of Cadet Second Class with Diploma of Artillery.
In 1937, he began to work at the Experimental Aviation Workshops RWD at the Okęcie airport in Warsaw as a plane constructor, continuing his studies in the same time. In the fall of that year he married Alina Dabkowska. He worked that time on the construction of the reconnaissance plane RWD-14 Czapla.
In 1938, he started, along with Jerzy Drzewiecki, to work on the record-seeking airplane RWD-19 for which Chylinski constructed its wings. By October that year, the plane was ready and airborne. His next projects included: the fuselage of the RWD-18, base for engine of the training airplane RWD-23, and the wing longeron for the fighter RWD-25. Chylinski was responsible for working on construction and documentation for these planes. From 1933 to 1938, he was a member of the Avionic Section of the Mechanical Circle of Warsaw Tech Students.
[edit] World War II
In 1939, he was drafted to the Army, and served first in the 5th Light Artillery Regiment (PAL) in Toruń, next in the 8th PAL of Plock, within he defended his country during German invasion of Poland in the battle of Bzura, and then in the fortress of Modlin. When the fortress defeated on September 29, 1939, he was taken as a prisoner of war and placed in Działdowo prisoner's camp, from which, after several days, according to capitulation agreement, was released. He returned to Warsaw changing his name and address to join the Polish resistance movement in World War II.
From January 1940 he was employed by the local Electric Transit Authority (EKD) as a conductor and motorman, and next as a technician in the track's division. He worked for the company until August 1944. However, from November 1942, he was also a member of Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) in its diversionary division named "Wachlarz". Operating under nom de guerre including "Aga" and "Dzięcioł", he constructed railroad mines. He survived the Warsaw Uprising and returned to live in Milanówek.
[edit] After the War
In 1945, for the Ministry of Communications, he projected the construction of the high-voltage line between Otwock and Miłosna suburbs. During 1945 and 1946, Chylinski took part in an open competition of the Civil Aviation Department for developing a training glider, in which he won the first prize with his project of a moto-glider HWL Pegaz.
From 1946 to 1947 Chylinski, based on an agreement with the Department of Civil Aviation (Departament Lotnictwa Cywilnego), together with designer Bronisław Żurakowski, developed the construction plans for “Pegaz.” At the same time, he was working with the Aviation Department Headquarters of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association (Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego). The design team also included the technicians Waszkiewicz and Brewiński. The engine for the “Pegaz” was designed by Stanisław Gajecki. The motor glider was flown on July 16, 1949, piloted by Bronisław Żurawski and Jerzy Szymankiewicz. At first, the plan was to build 80 “Pegazes” for the flying clubs. However it never was put into production, despite the fact that it passed the national approval test with a very good rating. The main reason for this was the order from the USSR to stop work on any national aviation project.
In January 1948, Tadeusz Chylinski began work at the Technical Institute of Aviation (Instytut Techniczny Lotnictwa), renamed on April 1st of that same year as the National Aviation Institute (Główny Instytut Lotnictwa). From March 3, 1952, together with Zbigniew Brzoski, he worked as a designer at the Aviation Institute in the Department of Materials Science and Construction. There, he designed the fuselage, landing gear and tail rotor for the first Polish helicopter, the BŻ-1 GIL, whose main designer was the engineer Bronisław Żurakowski. In 1949 under the direction of T. Chylinski, the extensometer studies of the span of the Poniatowski bridge in Warsaw were completed. In 1951, he conducted these same studies on other bridge spans including on the Wisła in Knybawa and the intensity of stress on line insulators with high tension.
In 1950, he reworked the Piper Cub airplane and made it into an ambulance airplane. The prototype was built at the Aviation Institute, and 14 of them were produced at the District Aviation Workshop No. 4 in Gdansk. In the early 1950s, he designed target drones with pulsating propulsion TC1 and TC2 and in 1955, the towing drones Spec-3 and Spec-4 were tested that same year.
On 1951-06-01, he became the head of the Department of Material’s Strength & Construction at the Polish National Aviation Institute. In February of 1961, he graduated from Warsaw University of Technology (Politechnika Warszawska) and was awarded master’s degree in Aviation Engineering.
During the years 1954-1956, he managed the Airframe Shop, and from 1956 until 1965-12-15, was the head of the Strength Department of the Aviation Institute further developing their labs and creating a new system of testing strength of aviation equipment. In 1957, he developed, along with designers Justyn Sandauer and J. Harazny, an introductory project of an educational-training airplane “As” as the comparative to the PZL TS-11 Iskra.
From March 18, 1957 he was a part of the Board of Directors of the Aviation Institute and from February 1959 part of the College of the Institute. Under his leadership, the main specialists of the Materials Science Department of the Aviation Institute were educated. All airplanes, helicopters, and wind gliders for the aviation business built during the 1950s and 60s in the 20th century were checked and tested under his directions.
From 1948 until 1952, these were tests of strength of construction for aviation equipment such as CSS-10, CSS-11, CSS-12, LWD Junak 2, as well as elements of the helicopter GIL and wind gliders “Sęp”, “Jastrząb”, and “Jaskółka”. From 1952 to 1961 the strength tests of jet aircraft: “Lim-1” (Mig 15), “Lim-2” (Mig-15bis), “Lim-5” (Mig-17), and TS-11 “Iskra” as well as piston aircraft: CSS-13, Junak-3, Li-2, TS-8 Bies, Jak-M12, Jak-12A, PZL-M2, also elements of the helicopter “BŻ-4 ZUK. By this time, Chylinski was a director of the Department of Materials Strength.
From 1962 until 1965, he was testing the strength of the airplane PSL-104 Wilga, wind gliders “Kobuz”, “Foka”, and “Kormoran” and also diesel engine shafts and underwater airfoil of the hydrofoil craft “Gryf.” Furthermore, under his directions endurance tests were conducted of the wings of the windglider “Mucha-100”, the ferruling of the wings on the MD-12, shafts and connecting rods of the airplane engine WN-3 and the grinder of the rotor blade of the helicopter SM-1. In March 1956, his project “Kawka” received recognition in the contest sponsored by the League of Soldiers Friends (LPZ) for a single-person training glider.
On 1960-11-21, he was asked by the Minister of Transportation to fill the position of the head of the Commission of Civil Flight Regulations at the Department of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Transportation. In 1962, he took part in taking the “Vickers Viscount” planes from England for LOT Polish Airlines. On 1964-01-01, he was offered the position of an independent researcher, while working at the director of the Center of Special Constructions (for example, rockets) and the director of the Problem Group.
In 1964, he created an introductory project of a 12 location multifunction, short start and land airplane, TC-Borsuk that was powered by two turbo engines (as the follower An-2 and a similar class that was put into production in the 1970s licensed Russian An-28) and in 1969 he modifiied the An-2 by increasing the area of the nose to improve lifting capacity and make it more economical (the An-2 was also powered by turbo engines). Starting 1972-10-01, he worked at the Research Center for Airframes and Materials Strength of the Aviation Institute as an independent researcher and from 1973 as an assistant professor (docent).
[edit] Awards and publications
For his work in aviation, he received the Knight’s Cross of The Order of Polonia Restituta and other high national honors. He published many articles about aviation technology in “Skrzydlata Polska”, “Technika Lotnicza i Astronautyczna” and in the information bulletin of the Aviation Institute.
[edit] Family
His residence was in until 1966. He has two children, Lidia and Rafał. He died in Warsaw and is buried at the Powązki Cemetery, lot No. 325.
[edit] Bibliography
- Jerzy Lamparski i Bronisław Żurakowski, Technika Lotnicza i Astronautyczna, lipiec 1978 r.
- Andrzej Glass, Słownik Biograficzny Techników Polskich, tom 14, wyd. NOT, Warszawa, 2003.
- Andrzej Glass, Konstrukcje Lotnicze Polski Ludowej, 1966.
- Andrzej Morgała, Polskie Samoloty Wojskowe 1945-1980, wyd. MON.
- T.Chyliński, J.Laziński, Biuletyn Informacyjny Instytutu Lotnictwa nr. 3, 1976.
- Cezary Chlebowski, Wachlarz', 1983.
- Andrzej Glass, Polska Technika Lotnicza, Materiały Historyczne
- Ryszard Witkowski, Dzieje Śmigłowca, Oficyna Wydawnicza Echo, 2005.
- Praca zbiorowa, 85 Lat Lotnictwa Polskiego, wyd. Altair, Warszawa, 2003.
- Marian Krzyżan, Samoloty w Muzeach Polskich, Wydawnictwo Łączności, 1983.
- Lech Dulemba, Andrzej Glass, Somoloty RWD, 1983.
- Album Fotograficzny: Letnisko Milanówek 1899-1951, wyd. Skrzydlaty Milanówek, 2007.
