Table of clinically important viruses

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These are tables of the clinically most important [1] viruses. A vast number of viruses cause infectious diseases, but these are the major ones.

Contents

[edit] By family

The clinically most notable [1] virus species belong to the following families:

Comparison table of clinically important virus families and species
Family Baltimore group Important species [2] envelopment[2] Virion shape[2] Replication site[2]
Adenoviridae dsDNA adenovirus non-enveloped icosahedral nucleus
Picornaviridae +ssRNA coxsackievirus, hepatitis a virus, poliovirus non-enveloped icosahedral
Herpesviridae dsDNA epstein-barr virus, herpes simplex, type 1, herpes simplex, type 2, human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus, type 8, varicella-zoster virus enveloped nucleus
Hepadnaviridae dsDNA and ssDNA hepatitis B virus enveloped icosahedral nucleus
Flaviviridae +ssRNA hepatitis C viruses enveloped icosahedral
Retroviridae +ssRNA human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enveloped
Orthomyxoviridae -ssRNA influenza virus enveloped spherical nucleus [3]
Paramyxoviridae -ssRNA measles virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus enveloped spherical
Papovaviridae ssDNA papillomavirus non-enveloped icosahedral
Rhabdoviridae -ssRNA rabies virus enveloped helical, bullet shaped
Togaviridae +ssRNA Rubella virus enveloped icosahedral

[edit] By type

Type Family Transmission[2] Diseases [2] Treatment[2] Prevention[2] laboratory diagnosis[2]
adenovirus adenoviridae
  • droplet contact (mainly)
  • fecal-oral
  • direct contact (ocular infections)
 None

None [4]
Coxsackievirus Picornaviridae fecal-oral, droplet contact Coxsackie infections None None Cell culture, antibody detection
Epstein-Barr virus Herpesviridae Saliva None None
Hepatitis A virus Picornaviridae fecal-oral acute hepatitis Immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis)
  • Vaccine
  • immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis)
  • avoid food-contamination
 antibody detection
Hepatitis B virus Hepadnaviridae
  • All body fluids (blood, semen, saliva, mother's milk etc.)
 vaccine
  • viral antigen detection
  • antibody detection
  • nucleic acid detection
Hepatitis C virus Flaviviridae
  • blood
  • (sexual)
 None
  • antibody detection
  • nucleic acid detection
Herpes simplex virus, type 1 Herpesviridae direct contact with saliva and lesions None
Herpes simplex virus, type 2 Herpesviridae
  • sexually
  • birth
  • primary HSV-2 infection
  • latent HSV-2 infection
  • contact-avoidance with lesions
  • safe sex
cytomegalovirus Herpesviridae
  • tears
  • urine
  • semen
  • saliva
  • vaginal secretions
  • mother's milk
  • crosses placenta
  • blood
 None antibody and nucleic acid detection
Human herpesvirus, type 8 Herpesviridae Kaposi sarcoma many in evaluation-stage None Nucleic acid and antibody detection
HIV Retroviridae
  • sexual
  • blood
  • mother's milk
 AIDS HAART
  • nucleic acid,
  • p24
  • antibody detection
Influenza virus Orthomyxoviridae droplet contact
measles virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact
  • measles
  • postinfectious encephalomyelitis
 None MMR vaccine antibody detection
Mumps virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact Mumps None MMR vaccine antibody detection
Human papillomavirus Papovaviridae direct contact
  • Visual inspection
  • Antigen detection
  • Nucleic acid detection
Parainfluenza virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact None None Antibody detection
Poliovirus Picornaviridae fecal-oral Poliomyelitis None Polio vaccine Antibody detection
Rabies virus Rhabdoviridae
  • Animal bite
  • droplet contact
 Rabies Post-exposure prophylaxis Pre- and postexposure prophylaxis Histology (postmortem)
Respiratory syncytial virus Paramyxoviridae droplet contact, hand-to-mouth (ribavirin)
  • hand-washing
  • avoidance
 antibody and antigen detection
Rubella virus Togaviridae droplet contact None MMR vaccine Antibody detection
Varicella-zoster virus Herpesviridae droplet contact Varicella:

Zoster:
  • Cell culture
  • antigen and nucleic acid detection

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C.. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.  Pages 354-366
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Unless else specified in boxes, htne ref is: Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C.. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.  Pages 354-366
  3. ^ Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C.. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.  Page 315
  4. ^ Gray GC, Goswami PR, Malasig MD, et al. (2000). "Adult adenovirus infections:loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics". Clin Infect Dis 31 (3): 663–70. doi:10.1086/313999. PMID 11017812. 
  5. ^ a b c d e Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C.. Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-8215-5.  Page 47

[edit] Viruses templates

v • d • e
Baltimore (virus classification)
I: dsDNA viruses
II: ssDNA viruses
III: dsRNA viruses
V: (-)ssRNA viruses
VI: ssRNA-RT viruses
VII: dsDNA-RT viruses
v • d • e
Other virus topics
v • d • e
Pathogenic microbes