Téméraire class ship of the line

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Scale model of the Achille, a typical French seventy-four of the Téméraire class at the beginning of the 19th century.
Class overview
Name: Téméraire
Builders: Toulon, Rochefort, Brest, Lorient, Antwerp, Genoa, Amsterdam, Cherbourg, Flushing, Venice
Operators: Naval flag of France French Navy

Naval flag of United Kingdom Royal Navy
Naval flag of Spain Spanish Navy

Naval flag of Netherlands Royal Netherlands Navy
Preceded by: Centaure class
Succeeded by: Tonnant class
Subclasses: Téméraire (18 ships)

Duquesne (46 ships)
Danube (26 ships)
Pluton (12 ships)

Albanais (13 ships)
In commission: 1782 (Téméraire) - 1862 (Couronne)
Completed: 107
General characteristics
Type: ship of the line
Displacement: 2900 tonnes
Length: 55.87 m (172 French feet)
Beam: 14.90 m (44 French feet, 6 inches)
Draught: 7.26 m (22 French feet)
Propulsion: Sail 2485 m²
Complement: 700 men
Armament:

28 x 36 or 32 pdr (16 or 14 kg)
30 x 24 pdr (11 kg)
16 x 8 pdr (3.6 kg)

4 x 36 pdr (16 kg) carronades
Armour: Timber
Notes:

Ships in class include: Téméraire sub-group: Téméraire, Audacieux, Fougueux, Superbe, Borée, Commerce de Bordeaux, Commerce de Marseille, Ferme, Généreux, Patriote, Entreprenant, Impétueux, Léopard, Orion, América, Apollon, Duguay-Trouin, Aquilon, Duquesne, Tourville, Éole, Jupiter, Vengeur, Jean Bart, Scipion, Thésée, Pyrrhus, Suffren, Thémistocle, Trajan, Nestor, Pompée, Tigre, Tyrannicide, Barra, Droits de l'Homme, Jemmapes, Lion, Wattignies, Dix-août, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Viala, Hercule, Spartiate, Argonaute, Quatorze Juillet, Brutus, Union, Aigle, Duguay-Trouin, Héros, Pacificateur', Scipion, Magnanime, Suffren, Achille, Algésiras, Lion, Regulus, Ajax, Courageux, D'Hautpoul, Golymin, Triomphant, Danube, Polonais, Tonnerre, Ulm, Marengo, Nestor, Trajan, Trident, Agamemnon, Gaulois, Polyphème, Romulus, Ville de Marseille, Colosse, Duguay-Trouin, Orion, Scipion, Superbe, Hercule, Duc de Berry, Jean Bart, Triton, Couronne, Généreux.
Pluton sub-group: Pluton, Borée, Génois, Royal Hollandais, Commerce de Lyon, Charlemagne, Anversois, Duguesclin, César, Ville de Berlin, Pultusk, Dantzig, Albanais, Breslau, Dalmate, Rivoli, Montebello, Mont Saint-Bernard, Régénérateur, Audacieux, Castiglione, Polyphème, Royal Italien, Couronne,

Piet Hein.

The Téméraire class ships of the line was a class of 107 74-gun ships of the line built between 1782 and 1813 for the French navy. The type was and remains the most numerous class of capital ship ever built.

The class was designed by Jacques-Noël Sané as part of the fleet expansion programme instituted by Jean-Charles de Borda.

The design was appreciated in Britain, which eagerly commissioned captured ships and even copied the design with the Pompée class.

Contents

[edit] Ships in class

[edit] Téméraire (18 ships)

Builder: Brest shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: May 1782
Launched: 17 December 1782
Completed: July 1783
Fate: Condemned in November 1801, broken up 1803.
Builder: Lorient shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: July 1782
Launched: 28 October 1784
Completed: 1785
Fate: Condemned in November 1802
Builder: Lorient shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: August 1782, but work stopped in February 1783 and she was demolished.
Re-laid down: November 1784
Launched: 19 September 1785
Completed: late 1785
Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at Trafalgar on 21 October 1805, and subsequently wrecked.
Builder: Brest shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: July 1782
Launched: 11 November 1784
Completed: 1785
Fate: Wrecked on 30 January 1795 off Brest.
  • Borée (renamed Ça Ira in April 1794 and then Agricola in June 1794)
Builder: Lorient shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: January 1783, but work stopped in February 1783 and she was demolished.
Re-laid down: November 1784
Launched: 17 November 1785
Completed: August 1787
Fate: Broken up in 1803 at Rochefort.
Builder: Toulon shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: September 1784
Launched: 15 September 1785
Completed: 1786 or 1787
Fate: Destroyed in action at the Battle of the Nile in August 1798.
  • Commerce de Marseille (renamed Lys in July 1786 and then Tricolore in October 1792)
Builder: Toulon shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: September 1784
Launched: 7 October 1785
Completed: September 1787
Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at Toulon on August 1793, then destroyed during the Siege of Toulon in December 1793.
  • Ferme (renamed Phocion in October 1792)
Builder: Brest shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: December 1784
Launched: 16 September 1785
Completed: 1786
Fate: Surrendered to Spain by her officers in January 1793 at Trinidad.
Builder: Rochefort shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: July 1782
Launched: 21 June 1785
Completed: October 1785
Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy at Toulon in August 1793 but retaken by the French in December 1793; captured again by the Royal Navy in February 1800.
Builder: Brest shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: September 1784
Launched: 3 October 1785
Completed: April 1786
Fate: Condemned in May 1820 and became Pontoon No.4 in April 1821. Broken up at Rochefort in late 1832.
Builder: Lorient shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: 1787
Fate: Broken up
Builder: Rochefort shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: 1787
Fate:
  • Léopard
Builder: Brest shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: 1787
Fate:
  • Orion (renamed Mucius and Mucius Scaevola)
Builder: Rochefort shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down:
Launched: 1787
Fate:
Builder: Brest shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: 1788
Fate: Captured by the Royal Navy
  • Apollon (renamed Gasparin and Marceau)
Builder: Rochefort shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: 1788
Fate:
  • Duguay-Trouin
Builder: Brest shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: 1788
Fate: Destroyed during the Siege of Toulon in 1793
Builder: Rochefort shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: 1789
Fate: Captured by Britain during the Battle of the Nile in August 1798.

[edit] Duquesne (46 ships)

  • Duquesne
Builder: Toulon shipyard
Ordered:
Launched:
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Builder: Lorient shipyard
Ordered:
Launched:
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Builder: Lorient shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: 15 November 1789
Fate: Broken up in Baltimore in 1816
  • Jupiter (Renamed Montagnard, Démocrate, Batave)
Builder: Brest shipyard
Ordered: 19 August 1787
Launched: 4 November 1789
Fate: Broken up in Brest in 1807
  • Vengeur
Builder: Brest shipyard
Ordered:
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Builder: Lorient shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: 7 November 1790
Fate: Wrecked at the Battle of the Basque Roads on 26 February 1809, hull burnt by the British in April.
  • Scipion
Builder: Toulon shipyard
Ordered:
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  • Thésée (Renamed Révolution, Finisterre)
Builder: Rochefort shipyard
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  • Pyrrhus (Renamed Mont Blanc, 31 Mai, Républicain, HMS Mont Blanc)
Builder: Rochefort shipyard
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Builder: Brest shipyard
Ordered:
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Fate: Participated in the Battle of Trafalgar, taken by the British, foundered two days later.
  • Thémistocle
Builder: Lorient shipyard
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  • Nestor (Renamed Cisalpin, Aquilon)
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  • Barra (renamed Pégase, Hoche and HMS Donegal)
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Battle between the French warship Droits de l'Homme and the frigates HMS Amazon and Indefatigable, 13 & 14 January 1797. (Indefatigable on the left, Droits de l'Homme at the centre, Amazon on the right.)
Battle between the French warship Droits de l'Homme and the frigates HMS Amazon and Indefatigable, 13 & 14 January 1797. (Indefatigable on the left, Droits de l'Homme at the centre, Amazon on the right.)
Builder: Lorient shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: May 29 1794
Fate: Beached January 14 1797
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  • Lion (Renamed Marat, Formidable)
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  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau(Renamed Marengo)
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  • Viala (renamed Voltaire, Constitution, Jupiter and HMS Maida)
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Fight of the Poursuivante against the British ship Hercules, 28 June 1803.
Fight of the Poursuivante against the British ship Hercules, 28 June 1803.
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  • Quatorze Juillet
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Builder: Lorient
Ordered: 31 may 1798
Launched: 24 january 1803
Fate: beached and set ablaze by the British in Chesapeake on 14 September 1806
  • Union (renamed Diomède)
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  • Pacificateur'
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  • Magnanime
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  • Suffren
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  • Lion (renamed Glorieux andCassard)
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  • Regulus
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  • Ajax
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  • Courageux
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  • Inflexible
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Stern of a model of the Triomphant
Stern of a model of the Triomphant
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[edit] Danube (26 ships)

  • Danube
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  • Polonais
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  • Tonnerre
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  • Ulm
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  • Nestor
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  • Trajan
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  • Agamemnon
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  • Gaulois
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  • Polyphème
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  • Colosse
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  • Duguay-Trouin
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  • Orion
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  • Scipion
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  • Superbe
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  • Duc de Berry
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  • Jean Bart
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  • Triton
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  • Généreux
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[edit] Pluton (12 ships)

Starting with Pluton in 1803, a smaller version of the Téméraire class, officially named petit modèle, was designed by Jacques-Noël Sané to be produced in shipyards having a lesser depth of water than the principal French shipyards, primarily those in neighbouring states under French control and in foreign ports which had been absorbed into the French Empire such as Antwerp.

Builder: Toulon shipyard
Ordered: June 1803
Laid down: August 1803
Launched: 17 January 1805
Completed: March 1805.
Fate: Captured by the panish at Cadiz in June 1808.
  • Borée
Builder: Toulon shipyard
Ordered: June 1803
Laid down: August 1803
Launched: 27 June 1805
Completed: August 1805
Fate: Condemned at Toulon in 1827.
  • Two more 74s to the "petit modèle" design were ordered in June 1803, one at Marseille and the other at Bordeaux, but these were not built.
  • Génois
Builder: Genoa shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: July 1803
Launched: 17 August 1805
Completed: November 1805
Fate: Condemned at Rochefort in August 1821, ad broken up there by October 1821.
  • Royal Hollandais
Builder: Flushing shipyard
Ordered:
Launched:
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  • Commerce de Lyon
Builder: Antwerp shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: November 1803
Launched: 9 April 1807
Completed: March 1808
Fate: Condemned at Brest in February 1819, and broken up there in December 1819.
  • Charlemagne
Builder: Antwerp shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: April 1804
Launched: 8 April 1807
Completed: March 1808
Fate: Ceded to the new Dutch Navy 1 August 1814, renamed Nassau.
  • Anversois (renamed Éole in August 1814, then Anversois in March 1815 and back to Éole in July 1815)
Builder: Antwerp shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: June 1804
Launched: 7 June 1807
Completed: March 1808
Fate: Condemned at Brest in February 1819 and broken up there in December 1819.
  • Duguesclin
Builder: Antwerp shipyard
Ordered:
Laid down: July 1804
Launched: 20 June 1807
Completed: March 1808
Fate: Condemned at Lorient in June 1818, and broken up there in January 1820.
  • César
Builder: Antwerp shipyard
Ordered:
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  • Ville de Berlin
Builder: Antwerp shipyard
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  • Pultusk
Builder: Antwerp shipyard
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  • Dantzig
Builder: Antwerp shipyard
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[edit] Albanais (13 ships)

  • Albanais
Builder: Antwerp shipyard
Ordered:
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  • Breslau
Builder: Genoa shipyard
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  • Dalmate
Builder: Antwerp shipyard
Ordered:
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Builder: Venice shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: 6 September 1810
Fate: captured in the Action of 22 February 1812.
  • Montebello
Builder: Venice shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: not launched
Fate:
  • Mont Saint-Bernard
Builder: Venice shipyard
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  • Régénérateur
Builder: Venice shipyard
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  • Audacieux
Builder: Amsterdam shipyard
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  • Castiglione
Builder: Venice shipyard
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  • Polyphème
Builder: Amsterdam shipyard
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  • Royal Italien
Builder: Venice shipyard
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  • Couronne
Builder: Amsterdam shipyard
Ordered:
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  • Piet Hein
Builder: Rotterdam shipyard
Ordered:
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  • Montenotte
Builder: Venice shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: not launched
Fate:
  • Arcole
Builder: Venice shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: not launched
Fate:
  • Lombardo
Builder: Venice shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: not launched
Fate:
  • Semmering
Builder: Venice shipyard
Ordered:
Launched: not launched
Fate:
  • Citoyen
Builder: Trieste shipyard
Ordered: December 1811
Launched: not launched
Fate: Cancelled 1812.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

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