Târgu Mureş
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| Târgu Mureş |
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Romania |
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| County | Mureş County | ||
| Status | County capital | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Dorin Florea (Democratic Liberal Party) | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 49.3 km² (19 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2007)[1][2] | |||
| - Total | 146.000 | ||
| - Density | 3,043/km² (7,881.3/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Website: http://www.tirgumures.ro/ | |||
Târgu Mureş (pronounced [ˈtɨrgu ˈmureʃ] in Romanian; Romanian: Târgu Mureş; Hungarian: Marosvásárhely, (Székely-)Vásárhely; German: Neumarkt am Mieresch; Latin: Novum Forum Siculorum) is a city in Mureş county, Transylvania, Romania. A deprecated Romanian spelling of its name is Tîrgu Mureş.
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[edit] History
The city was first documented in 1332 in the papal registry under the name Novum Forum Siculorum.
In 1405, the King of Hungary Sigismund of Luxembourg granted the city of Tîrgu Mureş (by then named Székelyvásárhely, see Székely) the right to organize fairs; in 1482 King Matthias Corvinus declared the city a royal settlement. It became a municipality in 1616, changing its name to Marosvásárhely, the Romanian equivalent of which is Târgu Mureş (târg and vásár mean "Market" in Romanian and Hungarian respectively). The city received a major boost to its social and economic life when it became home to supreme court of justice of the Principality of Transylvania in 1754.
Avram Iancu, the leader of the 1848 Romanian revolution in Transylvania, was a young lawyer in the city of Târgu Mureş before engaging in the fight for the rights of Romanians living in Transylvania.
In 1880 the statue of Bem was inaugurated in Roses Square, at the city's center; in 1893 the statue of Kossuth was as well. The statue of Rákóczi was also inaugurated in 1907. All three were demolished after World War I, in 1923.
The provincial appearance of the city changed greatly in the late 19th century and early 20th century. In 1913, the Transylvanian Secession-style city hall complex was opened, as part of mayor Bernády György's urban renewal. Economic success continued until World War II. After the conflict, together with the rest of Transylvania, Târgu Mureş became part of Romania and was re-named Oşorheiu. From having been an 89% Hungarian-populated city (1910), Romanian population increased throughout the latter half of the 20th century.
From 1940 to 1944, as a consequence of the Second Vienna Award, Târgu Mureş was ceded to Hungary. During this period, a Jewish ghetto was established in the city. It re-entered the Romanian administration at the end of the war in October 1944.
After World War II, the communist administration of Romania conducted a policy of massive industrialization that completely re-shaped the community, and set up a Hungarian Autonomous Province based in the city, which lasted 15 years. Târgu Mureş became the center of economic and social life of the region.
In March 1990, shortly after the Romanian Revolution of 1989 overthrew the communist regime, Târgu Mureş was the stage of violent confrontations between ethnic Hungarians and Romanians (See Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureş).
As of 2000, a considerable percentage of the population of Târgu Mureş has started to work abroad temporarily. The local economy has started to get stronger after various investors settled in the area. The most important investor in the area is Prolemn SA.[citation needed]
Târgu Mureş has a substantial ethnic Hungarian minority, some of whom identify as Székelys. Since 2003 some Székely organizations have been campaigning for the city to again become center of an autonomous region. Dorin Florea is the first directly elected ethnic Romanian mayor of the city, though the city council retains a majority of ethnic Hungarians.
[edit] Personalities
Târgu Mureş was the home of Avram Iancu (1824-1872), Alexandru Papiu Ilarian (1827-1877), Farkas Bolyai (1775-1856), János Bolyai (1802-1860), Petru Maior (1756-1821), Bernády György (1864-1938), Orbán György (born 1947), Aranka György (1737-1817), the writer András Sütő (1927-2006), Gheorghe Şincai (1754-1816), Sámuel Teleki (1739-1832), Kemény János (1903-1971) and the writer Molter Károly (1890-1981). Also Tîrgu Mureş is the home of the SMURD doctor Raed Arafat (born 1964) and the football player László Bölöni (born 1952).
[edit] Demographics
According to the results of the most recent census of 2002, the municipality of Târgu Mureş is ethnically mixed with a population of 149,577.
| Ethnicity | People | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Romanian | 75,317 | 50.35% |
| Hungarian | 69,825 | 46.68% |
| Roma | 3,759 | 2.51% |
| German | 275 | 0.18% |
| other & undeclared |
401 | 0.27% |
The 2002 census was the first to show Hungarians in a minority. The municipality of Târgu Mureş is officially bilingual, with both Romanian and Hungarian languages being recognised officially and used in public signage, education, justice and access to public administration.
[edit] Districts of the city
- Unirii (on the right of the Mureş River)
- Ady Endre
- Dâmbul Pietros
- Aleea Carpaţi
- Budai Nagy Antal
- Centru
- Gara
- Libertăţii
- Livezeni
- 1898 December 22 (November 7)
- Tudor Vladimirescu
- Răsăritului
- Mureseni
- Substejăriş
- Cornişa
[edit] Churches
- Ascension of the Lord Cathedral, Târgu Mureş (built between 1925 and 1934)
- "Small" Orthodox cathedral, near Emil Dandea statue (built between 1926-1936)
- City Fortress reformed church (built in the 14th century)
- The small reformed church (built at the beginning of the 17th century)
- Israelite church (built 1857)
- Evangelic church (1818-1829)
- Grey Friar church (built between 1745-1747 in the center of the city, but in 1971 the main part of the church was demolished by the communist regime, only the tower remained)
- Unitarian church (built between 1929-1930)
- Keresztelő Szent János roman catholic parish church (built 1764)
- Bob church (built between 1793-1794)
 Keresztelő Szent János parish church, Târgu Mureş |
 Bob church, Târgu Mureş |
 City Fortress church, Târgu Mureş |
[edit] Tourist attractions
Târgu Mureş offers some remarkable places to visit such as:
- The Cultural Palace in Târgu Mureş, built between 1911-1913 by Komor Marcell (1868-1944) and Jakab Dezső (1864-1932) to the request of Bernády György. The most visited part of the Palace is the Mirrors Hall.
- The City Fortress with the reformed church inside, built between 1602 and 1658 to the request of Borsos Tamás.
- The Roses Square (Piaţa Trandafirilor), in the center of the city
- The City Hall, built between 1906-1907 on the construction plans of Komor Marcell (1868-1944) and Jakab Dezső. Unfortunately, during the 1962 restoration a marble table pointing to construction, the city coat of arms and other decorations were removed. The glass paintings which illustrated Bethlen Gábor, Francis II Rákóczi, Kossuth Lajos, Deák Ferenc and Franz Joseph I of Austria are missing from the halls.
- The Teleki Library, built between 1799–1802, is one of the richest Transylvanian collections of cultural artefacts. It was founded by the Hungarian Count Sámuel Teleki in 1802
- The Cornesti high (Somostető) - an excellent landscape of Târgu Mureş can be seen from here.
European tourists show an increased interest in the city and in Transylvania as witnessed by the introduction of budget flights to Târgu Mureş.
[edit] Politics
The Târgu Mureş Municipal Assembly has 23 members:
| Political Party | Number of Seats |
|---|---|
| Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania | 12 |
| Greater Romania Party | 4 |
| Justice and Truth Alliance (PNL-PD) | 3 |
| Social Democratic Party | 3 |
| Romanian National Unity Party (Conservative Party) | 1 |
[edit] Transport
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Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. |
Distances from Romanian cities:
| City | By train (km) | By car (km) |
|---|---|---|
| Bucharest | 448 | 346 |
| Braşov | 282 | 171 |
| Cluj-Napoca | 127 | 105 |
Târgu Mureş is served by Târgu Mureş International Airport, which provides both domestic and international flights. It was renovated in October 2005.
The city transport operators are S.C. Transport Local S.A., S.C. Siletina-Impex S.R.L. and S.C. TudorTrans S.R.L..
[edit] Sports
The city is represented in many sports, including football, handball, basketball, volleyball and wushu. Târgu Mureş is the home city of 3 football teams, but all of them play in the lower tiers of Romanian football: ASA Târgu Mureş, Gaz Metan Tîrgu Mureş and Trans-Sil Târgu Mureş. Of these teams ASA is the most popular and is the only one to have played in the Romanian First Division and in the UEFA Cup. Târgu Mureş is also known for its bowling team, Electromures. It is one of the best bowling teams in Europe. The #1 sport right now in the city is basketball, which is enjoying a huge audience and thousands of fans, with the team BC Mures playing in the first division.
[edit] Local media
| Written media | Radio/TV |
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[edit] Sister cities
[edit] External links
- Municipal website (Romanian)
- Interactive map of Târgu Mureş (Romanian)
- BC Mureş Official Website (Romanian)
- Târgu Mureş photo gallery
- Photo gallery and collection of links (English) (Romanian) (Hungarian)
- AirNews
[edit] Notes
- ^ a b Results of the romanian 2002 census, see TPR15A.pdf
- ^ National Institute of Statistics, Population of counties, municipalities and towns, July 1, 2004
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