Syon House
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Syon House and its 200 acre (80 hectare/800,000 m²) park is situated in southwest London, in England. It belongs to the Duke of Northumberland and is now his family's London residence. The family's traditional central London residence was Northumberland House.
Originally the site of a medieval abbey of the Bridgettine Order, Syon was named after Mount Zion in the Holy Land. One of the last great abbeys to be built, it was founded by King Henry V in 1415, and dissolved by King Henry VIII in 1539. In 1541 and part of the following year, Henry VIII's fifth wife, Catherine Howard, was brought here for her long imprisonment. In February of 1542, she was taken to the Tower of London and executed on charges of adultery. When Henry died in 1547, his coffin was brought to Syon on its way to Windsor for burial. It burst open during the night and in the morning dogs were found licking up the remains. This was regarded as a divine judgement for the King's desecration of Syon Abbey.
After dissolution, the estate came into the possession of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector to young Edward VI. Between 1547 and his death by execution in 1552, the Duke built Syon House in the Italian Renaissance style, over the foundations of the west end of the huge abbey church. The square house seen today is hollow in the middle, and was built around the convent's cloister garden, although this is not proven and extremely unlikely given the recent archaeological evidence that the west end of Syon House is built over the western end of the church.
Syon was then acquired by a rival, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. The Duke's son Lord Guildford Dudley had married Lady Jane Grey, the great-granddaughter of King Henry VII, and it was at Syon that she was formally offered the Crown. In 1594, Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland acquired Syon through his marriage to Dorothy Devereux, and the Percy family has lived at Syon House ever since.
Syon was in the possession of Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset (through his wife, Elizabeth Seymour (née Percy), Duchess of Somerset) in the late 17th century. After the future Queen Anne had a disagreement with her sister, Mary II, over her friendship with Sarah Churchill, Countess of Marlborough, she was evicted from her court residence at the Palace of Whitehall and stayed at Syon with her close friends, the Somersets, in 1692. Anne gave birth to a stillborn child there. Shortly after the birth, Queen Mary II came to visit her, again demanding that Anne dismiss the Countess of Marlborough, and stormed out again when Anne flatly refused.
In 1750, Sir Hugh Smithson inherited the Percy estates through his wife Elizabeth Seymour. In 1750, Sir Hugh became Earl and then 1st Duke of Northumberland in 1766. The Duke and Duchess were determined to make their mark on Syon Park; their solution was to completely redesign the estate.
Robert Adam was instructed to remodel the interior of Syon House, and Capability Brown to lay out the grounds. In 1761, Adam published his plan for the interior decoration of Syon House, which included a complete suite of rooms on the principal level, together with a rotunda to be erected in the main courtyard. In the event, five main rooms on the west, south and east sides of the House, from the Great Hall to the Long Gallery were refurbished in the Neo-classical style. It was enough to place a stamp on the architect and his work in England and it is said "at Syon the Adam style was actually initiated". Syon House is feted as Adam's early English masterpiece and has been recognised as the finest surviving evidence of his revolutionary use of colour.
Syon Park borders the Thames, looking across the river to Kew Gardens, and near its banks is a tidal meadow flooded twice a day by the river. It contains more than 200 species of rare trees. Although the park and lake were designed by Capability Brown in 1760, their character today is nineteenth century. The circular pool has a copy of Giambologna's Mercury. The Great Conservatory in the gardens, designed by Charles Fowler in 1828 and completed in 1830, was the first conservatory to be built from metal and glass on a large scale. The conservatory was shown in a dream sequence in Meera Syal's 1993 film Bhaji on the Beach.
The much-loved London Butterfly House,which used to stand within the grounds, was closed in October 2007.
Henry Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland who was head of the family from 1988 to 1995, was noted for planting many trees in the grounds of Syon.
Robert Altman's 2001 film, Gosford Park, was partly filmed at Syon House.
In 2002, the English poet Geoffrey Hill released a booklength poem, "The Orchards of Syon", to much acclaim. "The Orchards of Syon", focuses on the history of the region and in particular on the orchard of rare trees first planted in Syon Abbey. Also in 2002 the 12th Duke proposed to build a new 154-bed hotel on the grounds of Syon House. In 2004 permission was granted for the deluxe £35 million Radisson Edwardian Hotel to be located beside the main estate parking lot, with plans to build and open in 2008-09.
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[edit] Bibliography
- Syon House; The Story of a Great House - With a short guide for visitors, and with 4 (colour) plates, 2 endpaper maps (in colour), and 22 illustrations in Monochrome (The illustrations mainly relate to paintings, artefacts and the building) [1]
[edit] See also
- Alnwick Castle - the principal seat of the Dukes of Northumberland.
- Northumberland House - the former central London residence of the Dukes of Northumberland.
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ First published by Syon House Estate (UK) in 1950 with 48 pages and no ISBN
[edit] External links
- Official site
- Syon House entry from The DiCamillo Companion to British & Irish Country Houses
- Aerial photo and map
- Drawings and photos
- Flickr images tagged Syon House
