Symbole
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The symbole, also called ar vuoc'h ("the cow"), was an object Francophone headmasters in public and private schools in Brittany would use as a means of punishment toward students caught speaking the Breton language during the 19th and 20th centuries
Generally, the student was supposed to pass the symbole onto another of his fellow students after catching him speaking Breton. The student in possession of the object at the end of recess, the half-day, or the day would be punished with, for example, manual labor, extra homework, corporal punishment, or organized mockery led by the headmaster.
[edit] Nature of the object
The symbole could be:
- an ordinary wooden clog, sometimes not hollowed out, worn around the neck
- a slate worn around the neck. At the Plouaret public school from 1943 to 1949 students were required to write "je parle breton" ("I speak Breton") on the slate.
- an object to be carried in the pocket, such as a button, toy sabot, or badge
The purpose of its use was:
- Exclusion of the Breton language from school and play;
- Bringing mockery upon those who didn't follow the established language rules;
- to help bring detreiment upon students and prevent student solidarity
