Syk

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Spleen tyrosine kinase
PDB rendering based on 1a81.
Available structures: 1a81, 1csy, 1csz, 1xba, 1xbb, 1xbc
Identifiers
Symbol(s) SYK;
External IDs OMIM: 600085 MGI: 99515 HomoloGene: 2390
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 6850 20963
Ensembl ENSG00000165025 ENSMUSG00000021457
Uniprot P43405 Q3UPF7
Refseq NM_003177 (mRNA)
NP_003168 (protein)		 NM_011518 (mRNA)
NP_035648 (protein)
Location Chr 9: 92.6 - 92.7 Mb Chr 13: 52.6 - 52.66 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

Spleen tyrosine kinase, also known as SYK, is a human protein and gene.

SYK, along with Zap-70, is a member of the Syk family of tyrosine kinases. These non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases share a characteristic dual SH2 domain separated by a linker domain.

While Syk and Zap-70 are primarily expressed in hematopoietic tissues, there is expression of Syk in a variety of tissues. Within B and T cells respectively, Syk and Zap-70 transmit signals from the B-Cell receptor and T-Cell receptor. Syk plays a similar role in transmitting signals from a variety of cell surface receptors including CD74, Fc Receptor, and integrins.

Abnormal function of Syk has been implicated in several instances of hematopoeitic malignancies including translocations involving Itk and Tel. Constitutive Syk activity can transform B cells. Several transforming viruses contain "Immunoreceptor Tyrosine Activation Motifs" (ITAMs) which lead to activation of Syk including Epstein Barr virus, bovine leukemia virus, and mouse mammary tumor virus.

The role of Syk in epithelial malignancies is controversial. Several authors have suggested that abnormal Syk function facilitates transformation in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and head and neck cancer while other authors have suggested a tumor supressor role in breast and gastric cancer.

[edit] Further reading

  • Turner M, Schweighoffer E, Colucci F, et al. (2000). "Tyrosine kinase SYK: essential functions for immunoreceptor signalling.". Immunol. Today 21 (3): 148–54. PMID 10689303. 
  • Fruman DA, Satterthwaite AB, Witte ON (2000). "Xid-like phenotypes: a B cell signalosome takes shape.". Immunity 13 (1): 1–3. PMID 10933389. 
  • Yanagi S, Inatome R, Takano T, Yamamura H (2001). "Syk expression and novel function in a wide variety of tissues.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 288 (3): 495–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5788. PMID 11676469. 
  • Tohyama Y, Yamamura H (2006). "Complement-mediated phagocytosis--the role of Syk.". IUBMB Life 58 (5-6): 304–8. doi:10.1080/15216540600746377. PMID 16754322. 
  • Schymeinsky J, Mócsai A, Walzog B (2007). "Neutrophil activation via beta2 integrins (CD11/CD18): molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.". Thromb. Haemost. 98 (2): 262–73. PMID 17721605. 

[edit] External links

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Kinases: tyrosine kinases (EC 2.7.10)
2.7.10.1
2.7.10.2