Swim lane
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A swim lane (or swimlane) is a visual element used in process flow diagrams that depict what or who is working on a particular subset of a process. Swim lanes are arranged vertically and are used for grouping the sub-processes according to the responsibilities of those swim lanes. In the accompanying example, the swimlanes are named Customer, Sales, Contracts, Legal, and Fulfillment.
The swim lane flowchart differs from other flowcharts in that processes and decisions are grouped visually by placing them in lanes. Parallel lines divide the chart into lanes, with one lane for each person, group or subprocess. Lanes are arranged either horizontally or vertically, and labeled to show how the chart is organized.
The longitudinal direction represents the sequence of events in the overall process, while the lateral divisions depict what subprocess is performing that step. Arrows between the lanes represent how information or material is passed between the subprocesses.
It is typically but not exclusively used in manufacturing-related applications. It aims to help clarify the overall layout of the processes, for use in optimizing floor capacity and efficiency.
When used to diagram a business process that involves more than one department, it can clarify not only the steps and who is responsible for each one, but how delays, mistakes or cheating are most likely to occur.
Many process modeling methodologies utilize the concept of swimlanes as a mechanism to organize activities into separate visual categories in order to illustrate different functional capabilities or responsibilities. Swimlanes are used in Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) and Unified Modeling Language Activity diagram modeling methodologies.
