Surinam Airways Flight 764

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Suriname Airways Flight PY764

The aircraft in its Suriname Airways livery, 3 years prior to the crash
Summary
Date June 7, 1989
Type pilot error
Site Paramaribo, Suriname
Passengers 178
Crew 9
Injuries 11
Fatalities 176
Survivors 11
Aircraft type DC-8
Operator Surinam Airways
Tail number N1809E

Surinam Airways Flight PY764 was an international scheduled passenger flight from Amsterdam-Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands to Paramaribo-Zanderij International Airport in Suriname on a Surinam Airways DC-8. On June 7, 1989, the flight crashed during approach to Paramaribo-Zanderij, killing 176 of the 187 on-board, making it the worst aviation disaster in Suriname's history.

Investigation revealed significant deficiencies in the crew's training and judgement. They knowingly attempted to land using an inappropriate navigation signal and ignored alarms warning them of an impending crash. The safety issues stemming from the incident were of such concern that the American National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) issued safety recommendations to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

Contents

[edit] The aircraft

The aircraft was an older four-engined DC-8 passenger jet which had first flown in 1969 [1] as part of the air fleet of Braniff International Airways. An NTSB brief [2] shows that while the aircraft was owned by Braniff it was involved in a minor accident in 1979 in which there were no fatalities. The aircraft was sold to Surinam Airways shortly afterwards. The official report into the crash of Flight 764 made no indication that this previous incident contributed in any way to the subsequent fatal crash.

[edit] History of the flight

The flight departed Amsterdam Schiphol Airport as scheduled at 23:25 on June 6. The next four hours of the flight passed uneventfully. The crew received a final weather report and clearance for a VOR/DME (VHF omnidirectional range/Distance Measuring Equipment) approach to runway 10 but instead initiated an ILS (Instrument Landing System/Distance Measuring Equipment) landing. During the approach, the plane's No. 2 engine struck a tree at a height of approximately 25 meters above ground level. The right wing then struck another tree causing the aircraft to roll and impact the ground inverted. Of the 9 crew and 178 passengers, none of the crew and only 11 passengers survived, leaving 176 dead.

[edit] The Colourful 11

A group of Surinamese football players playing professionally in the Netherlands and organized as an exhibition team known as the Colourful 11 was among the dead [3]. The team was an initiative of Dutch-Surinamese social worker Sonny Hasnoe who worked with underprivileged children in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Amsterdam. Many people of Surinamese origin lived in the city's Bijlmer district and were isolated from mainstream Dutch society. Hasnoe often found that he could engage the youngsters socially if they saw positive role models that had the same background as they did. He encouraged young boys to join football clubs and noted an improvement in their behaviour when they were playing sports as it gave them an opportunity to interact with their white contemporaries and so helped speed up the process of social integration.

In 1986, Sonny Hasnoe organised the first match between a star selection of Surinamese Dutch professionals and SV Robinhood, champions of the domestic Surinamese competition. The match was a great success and further contests were arranged. The Colourful 11 were to play a match in Surinam in June 1989, however a number of players were denied permission to travel by their Dutch professional clubs. Among the players who stayed back as a result were Ruud Gullit, Frank Rijkaard, Aron Winter, Bryan Roy, Stanley Menzo and Regi Blinker. A group of eighteen "second stringers" travelled to Surinam instead. Former Ajax players and Dutch internationals Hennie Meijer and Stanley Menzo – who ignored his club's decree and went to Surinam on his own accord – had taken an earlier flight and were spared the fate of their team mates.

[edit] Football players killed in the crash

The mother and sister of current international football player Romeo Castelen were also killed.

[edit] Surviving players

In 2005, Dutch journalist Iwan Tol released his book about this lost generation of Surinamese players called: Eindbestemming Zanderij. Het vergeten verhaal van het kleurrijk elftal (ISBN 90-204-0366-4).

Colourful 11 squad

Surinam Airways Flight PY764

Deaths: Degenaar •  Doesburg •  Van Dorpel •  Fräser •  Goodings •  J. Haatrecht •  Joemankhan •  Knel •  Kogeldans •  Linger •  Patrick •  Scharmin •  Veldman •  Vijent • Manager: Stienstra • Survivors: De Haan •  Lens •  Nandlal


[edit] Investigation

A commission was set up by the Surinamese government to investigate the accident. The results of that investigation are as follows:

The final weather report sent to the aircraft accurately stated that there was visibility of 900m in dense fog, 2/8 cloud cover with a cloud base at 400 feet, and winds calm. This surprised the flight crew because previous weather information had given visibility of 6 km. As a result, despite the fact that the aircraft was cleared for a VOR/DME (VHF omnidirectional range/Distance Measuring Equipment) approach, it was an ILS/DME (Instrument Landing System/Distance Measuring Equipment) that was initiated. The less accurate ILS is not supposed to be used for operational purposes, and it was later shown that the crewmembers were fully aware of this. The cockpit voice recorder captured the first officer saying, "I don't trust that ILS", but they chose to use it regardless.

Because of the unreliability of the ILS signal, the aircraft descended too low triggering several audible and visual warning signals. The crew ignored these, possibly because they needed to get down quickly due to a lack of fuel [5], until finally, the aircraft crashed at 04:27.

The commission found pilot error to be the cause of the crash, but also found Surinam Airways partially to blame for not following correct training procedures.

[edit] Probable cause

The probable cause paragraph from the report reads as follows:

"The Commission determines: a) That as a result of the captain's glaring carelessness and recklessness the aircraft was flown below the published minimum altitudes during the approach and consequently collided with a tree. b) As underlying factor in the accident was the failure of SLM's (Surinam Airways) operational management to observe the pertinent regulations as well as the procedures prescribed in the SLM Operations Manual concerning qualification and certification during recruitment and employment of the crew members furnished by ACI."

[edit] NTSB recommendations

Even though the accident was not under U.S. jurisdiction, the NTSB (National Tansportatoin Safety Board) was actively involved in the investigation because the aircraft was American-registered. As a result of its findings, a number of safety recommendations were made to the FAA [6].

The following recommendations were made:

  • Perform ramp and en route inspections of air carriers operating aircraft under 14 CFR part 129 that are registered in the United States.
  • Require air carriers operating into the United States under part 129 to provide the FAA with a list of the names, dates of birth, and certificate number of all captains and first officers operating airplanes into the United States. If pilots are found to have reached their 60th birth day, inform the air carrier that these pilots are not authorized to operate as either captain or copilot under the terms of the operations specifications issued in accordance with Part 129. (Class 11, Priority Action) (A-90-52)
  • Promulgate rules to regulate United States companies that provide pilots by contract to international air carriers. (Class 11, Priority Action) (A-90-53)

[edit] See also

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Coordinates: 5°27′12″N, 55°13′47″W

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