Super Dual Auroral Radar Network

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The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) is an international radar network for studying the upper atmosphere and ionosphere, comprised of eleven radars in the northern hemisphere and seven in the southern hemisphere that operate in the High Frequency (HF) bands between 8 and 22 MHz.

The radars measure the Doppler velocity of plasma density irregularities in the ionosphere.

In their standard operating mode each radar scans through 16 beams of azimuthal separation 3.24°, with a total scan time of 1 min. Each beam is divided into 75 range gates of length 45 km, and so in each full scan the radars each cover 52° in azimuth and over 3000 km in range, an area of over 4×10⁶ km²

[edit] SuperDARN Sites^[1]^[2]

Name	Code	Location	Coordinates	Boresite Heading	Institute	Nationality
Northern Hemisphere
King Salmon	ksr,c	King Salmon, Alaska, United States	58.68° N 156.65° W	−20.0°	Communications Research Laboratory	Japan
Kodiak	kod,a	Kodiak, Alaska, United States	57.60° N 152.2° W	30.0°	University of Alaska Fairbanks	United States
Prince George	pgr,b	Prince George, British Columbia, Canada	53.98° N 122.59° W	−5.0°	University of Saskatchewan	Canada
Saskatoon	sas,t	Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada	52.16° N 106.53° W	23.1°
Rankin Inlet	rkn,x	Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, Canada	62.82° N 93.11° W
Kapuskasing	kap,k	Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada	49.39° N 82.32° W	−12.0°	Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory	United States
Wallops Island	wal,i	Wallops Island, Virginia, United States	37.93° N 75.47° W
Goose Bay	gbr,g	Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada	53.32° N 60.46° W	5.0°
Stokkseyri	sto,w	Stokkseyri, Iceland	63.86° N 22.02° W	−59.0°	Centre national de la recherche scientifique	France
þykkvybær Cutlass/Iceland	pyk,e	þykkvybær, Iceland	63.86° N 19.20° W	30.0°	University of Leicester	United Kingdom
Hankasalmi Cutlass/Finland	han,f	Hankasalmi, Finland	62.32° N 26.61° E	−12.0°	University of Leicester	United Kingdom
Southern Hemisphere
Halley^*	hal,h	Halley Research Station, Antarctica	75.52° S 26.63° W	165.0°	British Antarctic Survey	United Kingdom
SANAE^*	san,d	SANAE-4, Vesleskarvet, Antarctica	71.68° S 2.85° W	173.2°	University of KwaZulu-Natal and Hermanus Magnetic Observatory	South Africa
Syowa South^*	sys,j	Showa Station, Antarctica	69.00° S 39.58° E	165.0°	National Institute of Polar Research	Japan
Syowa East^*	sye,n	Showa Station, Antarctica	69.01° S 39.61° E	106.5°	National Institute of Polar Research	Japan
Kergeulen	ker,p	Kerguelen Islands	49.35° S 70.26° E	168.0°	Centre national de la recherche scientifique	France
TIGER	tig,r	Bruny Island, Tasmania, Australia	43.38° S 147.23° E	180.0°	LaTrobe University	Australia
TIGER-Unwin	unw,u	Invercargill, New Zealand	46.51° S 168.38° E	227.9°	LaTrobe University	Australia