Subspecies of Canis lupus

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Gray Wolf
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Caniformia Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Species: Canis lupus

Canis lupus has 37 subspecies currently described, including the Gray Wolf and the domestic dog.

Biological taxonomy is not fixed, and placement of taxa is reviewed as a result of new research. The current categorization of subspecies of Canis lupus is shown below. Also included are synonyms, which are now-discarded duplicate or incorrect namings. Common names are given but may vary, as they have no set meaning.

Some subspecies that show up on wolf fancier websites are not on this list. Canis lupus cubanensis (called the Caspian Sea Wolf) is a synonym for C. l. campestris; Canis lupus lupaster (Egyptian Wolf) has been corrected to Canis aureus lupaster. Canis lupus signatus (Iberian Wolf) and Canis lupus communis (Russian Wolf) have been found to be synonyms of Canis lupus lupus. Canis lupus lycaon is the Eastern Timberwolf, not Canis lycaon (Lycaon pictus is the African Hunting Dog.) The Indian Wolf is Canis lupus pallipes, not Canis indica, and the Himalayan Wolf is Canis lupus chanco not Canis himalayaensis. Other names may show up as synonyms of the proper subspecies name or have been found to be another species.

The Red Wolf is currently Canis lupus rufus, not Canis rufus, and the modern Red Wolf may be a hybrid of wolf and coyote (Canis latrans), although it may have been a wolf subspecies in earlier times. The decision on how to classify the Red Wolf is still under discussion by biologists. Two wolves from the Mackenzie River area of Canada and Alaska, Canis lupus occidentalis and Canis lupus mackenzii, are shown as separate subspecies.

Canis lupus subspecies as of 2005^[1]

Subspecies	Author	Common Name	Synonyms
Canis lupus lupus	Linnaeus, 1758	Common Grey Wolf	altaicus (Noack, 1911) argunensis (Dybowski, 1922) canus de Sélys (Longchamps, 1839) communis 'Russian Wolf' (Dwigubski, 1804) deitanus (Cabrera, 1907) desertorum (Bogdanov, 1882) flavus (Kerr, 1792) fulvus de Sélys (Longchamps, 1839) italicus (Altobello, 1921) kurjak (Bolkay, 1925) lycaon (Trouessart, 1910) major (Ogérien, 1863) minor (Ogerien, 1863) niger (Hermann, 1804) orientalis (Wagner, 1841) orientalis Dybowski, 1922 signatus (Cabrera, 1907)
Canis lupus albus	Kerr, 1792	Arctic Wolf, White Wolf (Finland to eastern Russia)	dybowskii (Domaniewski, 1926) kamtschaticus (Dybowski, 1922) turuchanensis (Ognev, 1923)
Canis lupus alces	Goldman, 1941	Kenai (Alaska) Peninsula Wolf, extinct by 1925
Canis lupus arabs	Pocock, 1934	Arabian Wolf (Saudi Arabia)
Canis lupus arctos	Pocock, 1935
Canis lupus baileyi	Nelson and Goldman, 1929	Mexican Wolf (central Mexico to southwestern United States)
Canis lupus beothucus	G. M. Allen and Barbour, 1937	Newfoundland Wolf (Newfoundland, Canada) (extinct)
Canis lupus bernardi	Anderson, 1943	Bernard's Wolf (Arctic)
Canis lupus campestris	Dwigubski, 1804	Steppe Wolf (Central Asia)	bactrianus (Laptev, 1929) cubanenesis (Ognev, 1923) desertorum (Bogdanov, 1882)
Canis lupus chanco	Gray, 1863	Tibetan wolf, Himalayan wolf, Chinese wolf	coreanus (Abe, 1923) dorogostaiskii (Skalon, 1936) ekloni (Przewalski, 1883) filchneri (Matschie, 1907) karanorensis (Matschie, 1907) laniger (Hodgson, 1847) niger (Sclater, 1874) tschiliensis (Matschie, 1907)
Canis lupus columbianus	Goldman, 1941	British Columbia Wolf (Western Canada) (extinct)
Canis lupus crassodon	Hall, 1932	Vancouver Island Wolf (Canada)
Canis lupus dingo	Meyer, 1793	Domestic dog: dingo and familiaris provisionally separate, 2003	antarcticus (Kerr, 1792) australasiae (Desmarest, 1820) australiae (Gray, 1826) dingoides (Matschie, 1915) macdonnellensis (Matschie, 1915) novaehollandiae (Voigt, 1831) papuensis (Ramsay, 1879) tenggerana (Kohlbrugge, 1896) harappensis (Prashad, 1936) hallstromi (Troughton, 1957)
Canis lupus familiaris	Linnaeus, 1758	Domestic dog	aegyptius (Linnaeus, 1758) alco (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) americanus (Gmelin, 1792) anglicus (Gmelin, 1792) antarcticus (Gmelin, 1792) aprinus (Gmelin, 1792) aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) aquatilis (Gmelin, 1792) avicularis (Gmelin, 1792) borealis (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) brevipilis (Gmelin, 1792) cursorius (Gmelin, 1792) domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) extrarius (Gmelin, 1792) ferus (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) fricator (Gmelin, 1792) fricatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) fuillus (Gmelin, 1792) gallicus (Gmelin, 1792) glaucus (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) graius (Linnaeus, 1758) grajus (Gmelin, 1792) hagenbecki (Krumbiegel, 1950) haitensis (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) hibernicus (Gmelin, 1792) hirsutus (Gmelin, 1792) hybridus (Gmelin, 1792) islandicus (Gmelin, 1792) italicus (Gmelin, 1792) laniarius (Gmelin, 1792) leoninus (Gmelin, 1792) leporarius (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) major (Gmelin, 1792) mastinus (Linnaeus, 1758) melitacus (Gmelin, 1792) melitaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) minor (Gmelin, 1792) molossus (Gmelin, 1792) mustelinus (Linnaeus, 1758) obesus (Gmelin, 1792) orientalis (Gmelin, 1792) pacificus (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) plancus (Gmelin, 1792) pomeranus (Gmelin, 1792) sagaces (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) sanguinarius (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) sagax (Linnaeus, 1758) scoticus (Gmelin, 1792) sibiricus (Gmelin, 1792) suillus( C. E. H. Smith, 1839) terraenovae (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) terrarius (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) turcicus (Gmelin, 1792) urcani (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) variegatus (Gmelin, 1792) venaticus Gmelin, 1792) vertegus (Gmelin, 1792)
Canis lupus floridanus	Miller, 1912
Canis lupus fuscus	Richardson, 1839	Cascade Mountain Wolf (Cascade Mountains, Canada and United States)
Canis lupus gregoryi	Goldman, 1937
Canis lupus griseoalbus	Baird, 1858	Manitoba Wolf (Central Manitoba and northern Saskatchewan, Canada) (extinct)	knightii (Anderson, 1945)
Canis lupus hattai	Kishida, 1931	Kishida Wolf (Japan) (extinct)	rex (Pocock, 1935)
Canis lupus hodophilax	Temminck, 1839	Honshu Wolf (Honshu Islands, Japan) (extinct)	hodopylax (Temminck, 1844) japonicus (Nehring, 1885)
Canis lupus hudsonicus	Goldman, 1941	Hudson Bay Wolf, Tundra Wolf (Alaska and Canada)
Canis lupus irremotus	Goldman, 1937	Northern Rocky Mountains Wolf (Rocky Mountains, United States and Canada)
Canis lupus labradorius	Goldman, 1937	Labrador Wolf (Northern Quebec and Labrador, Canada)
Canis lupus ligoni	Goldman, 1937	Alexander Archipelago Wolf (Alexander Archipelago Islands in the Arctic)
Canis lupus lycaon	Schreber, 1775	Eastern North America Timber Wolf	canadensis (de Blainville, 1843) ungavensis (Comeau, 1940)
Canis lupus mackenzii	Anderson, 1943	Mackenzie Tundra Wolf (Mackenzie River drainage, Canada)
Canis lupus manningi	Anderson, 1943	Baffin Island Wolf (Baffin Island, Canada)
Canis lupus mogollonensis	Goldman, 1937	Mogollon Mountain Wolf (Mogollon, New Mexico, southwest United States) (extinct)
Canis lupus monstrabilis	Goldman, 1937	Texas Wolf (Texas, US and northern Mexico) (extinct, 1942)	niger (Bartram, 1791)
Canis lupus nubilus	Say, 1823	Great Plains Wolf (Central North America)	variabilis (Wied-Neuwied, 1841)
Canis lupus occidentalis	Richardson, 1829	Rocky Mountain Wolf (Canada, US)	sticte (Richardson, 1829) ater (Richardson, 1829)
Canis lupus orion	Pocock, 1935
Canis lupus pallipes	Sykes, 1831	Indian Wolf (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India)
Canis lupus pambasileus	Elliot, 1905
Canis lupus rufus	Audubon and Bachman, 1851	Red Wolf (Perhaps a hybrid, status uncertain)
Canis lupus tundrarum	Miller, 1912	Alaskan Tundra Wolf (northeastern Alaska, USA), heavier dentition than pambasileus
Canis lupus youngi	Goldman, 1937

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Canis lupus on the ITIS(Integrated Taxonomic Information System)
• Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Canis lupus page online
• Citations for Mammal Species of the World, as a PDF
• Ancient origin and evolution of the Indian wolf including discussion on naming.
• Wolf extinction, "A Time of Dying"
• Wolf subspecies list with photos and maps
• Animal Corner, UK list of wolves
• A private wolf-rearing facility, information about Alaska's regions. Lots of pictures of people petting wolves
• A very detailed hobbyist's site

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