Straw Dogs

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Straw Dogs

U.S. theatrical poster for Straw Dogs.
Directed by Sam Peckinpah
Produced by Daniel Melnick
Written by Novel:
Gordon Williams
Screenplay:
David Zelag Goodman
Sam Peckinpah
Starring Dustin Hoffman
Susan George
Music by Jerry Fielding
Cinematography John Coquillon
Editing by Paul Davies
Tony Lawson
Roger Spottiswoode
Distributed by Cinerama Releasing Corporation
Release date(s) Flag of the United States December 29, 1971
Running time R-rated Version:
113 min.
Uncut Version:
118 min.
Country Flag of the United States United States
Language English
Allmovie profile
IMDb profile

Straw Dogs is a 1971 film directed by Sam Peckinpah and starring Dustin Hoffman and Susan George. A dark, psychological domestic drama, the screenplay by Peckinpah and David Zelag Goodman is based on the novel The Siege of Trencher's Farm by Gordon Williams.[1] Controversial to this day, the film is noted for its violent concluding sequences and a complicated rape scene that critics point to as an example of Peckinpah's (and Hollywood's) debasing of women.[2] Released theatrically the same year as A Clockwork Orange, The French Connection and Dirty Harry, the film sparked heated controversy over the perceived escalation of violence in cinema.[3][4] It is considered one of Peckinpah's greatest films.[5]

Contents

[edit] Plot

David Sumner (Dustin Hoffman), a timid American mathematician, leaves the chaos of college anti-war protests to live with his young wife Amy (Susan George) in her native village in Cornwall, England. Almost immediately, there is tension between the couple as David becomes immersed in his academic work while ignoring Amy. Craving attention, Amy begins to flirt with several of the burly town locals (Jim Norton, Peter Vaughan, Ken Hutchison, Donald Webster) doing repair work on the couple's isolated farmhouse. One of these locals is Amy's former lover Charlie Venner (Del Henney).

Amy's flirtations and David's intellectual reserve create resentment, and the workmen begin to subtly taunt and harass them. David discovers their pet cat strangled and hanging by a light chain in their bedroom closet. Amy claims the workmen did it to prove they could get into their bedroom and to intimidate David. She presses him to confront the villagers, but he refuses. David tries to win their friendship, and they invite him to go hunting in the woods the next day. During the hunting trip, the workmen take him to a remote forest meadow and leave him there with the promise they will drive the birds towards him. Having ditched David, Charlie Venner returns to the couple's farmhouse where he confronts Amy. He starts to force himself on her, but her protests cease and she fully embraces him. A second villager arrives and forces Venner by shotgun to hold Amy down while he rapes her.

After several hours, David realizes he's been tricked and returns home to find a disheveled and withdrawn Amy. She does not tell him about the gang rape. Later that week, they attend a church social where Amy becomes distraught after seeing the men who raped her. David and Amy leave the social early and while driving home accidentally hit the village idiot Henry Niles (David Warner). They take the injured Niles to their home and David calls the town pub about the accident. Unbeknownst to him, earlier that evening Niles strangled a young girl from the village, and now the workmen are looking for Niles.

The phone call alerts them to Niles' whereabouts. Soon the drunken locals, including the men who raped Amy, are pounding on the door of the Sumner's home. David refuses to hand Niles over to the mob and they attempt to break in to the house. Forced into action in defense of his home, David embarks on an uncharacteristic spree of violence, descending into a murderous rage, violently murdering some of the attackers (the ones he doesn't kill are killed by each other).

[edit] Production

Sam Peckinpah's two previous films, The Wild Bunch (1969) and The Ballad of Cable Hogue (1970), had been made at Warner Bros.-Seven Arts.[6] He was effectively terminated from the company after the chaotic filming of Cable Hogue wrapped 19 days over schedule and $3 million over budget. Left with a limited number of directing jobs, Peckinpah was forced to travel to England to direct Straw Dogs. Produced by Daniel Melnick, who had previously worked with Peckinpah on his 1966 television film Noon Wine, the screenplay was based on the novel The Siege at Trencher's Farm by Gordon Williams.[7].

Peckinpah changed the title to Straw Dogs, drawn from a common translation of the Tao Te Ching, an ancient Chinese philosophical treatise. Taken from a passage in The Book of 5,000 Characters by the Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu, it read, "Heaven and Earth are ruthless, and treat the myriad of creatures as straw dogs: the sage is ruthless, and treat the myriad of creatures as straw dogs...Is not the space between Heaven and Earth like a bellows?"[8] Peckinpah entirely rewrote the existing screenplay, inspired by the books African Genesis and The Territorial Imperative by Robert Ardrey, which argued that man was essentially a carnivore who instinctively battled over control of territory. A significant difference between the novel and the movie is the Sumner couple have a daughter who is also trapped in the farmhouse. Peckinpah removed the daughter and rewrote the character of Amy Sumner as a younger and more liberated woman.[9] The movie was filmed on location at St Buryan in Cornwall.[10]

Beau Bridges, Stacy Keach, Sidney Poitier, Jack Nicholson and Donald Sutherland were considered for the lead role of David Sumner before Dustin Hoffman was hired.[11] Hoffman agreed to do the film because he was intrigued by the character, a pacifist unaware of his feelings and potential for violence that were the very same feelings he abhorred in society.[12] In the role of Amy, Judy Geeson, Jacqueline Bisset, Diana Rigg, Helen Mirren, Carol White, Charlotte Rampling and Hayley Mills were considered before the eventual casting of Susan George.[13] Hoffman disagreed with the casting, as he felt his character would never marry such a "Lolita-ish" kind of girl. Peckinpah insisted on George, an unknown actress at that time.[14]

[edit] Reception

Straw Dogs was controversial on its release in 1971, and remains so today, mostly because of the prolonged rape scene that is the film's centerpiece. Feminist cinema critics accused director Peckinpah of glamourising rape and of engaging in misogynistic sadism, [15][16] especially disturbed by the scene's ambiguity — Amy appears to ask for and enjoy the rape. Peckinpah's defenders claim the scene was unambiguously horrifying, that Amy's trauma was truthfully portrayed. [17]

The violence of Straw Dogs aroused strong reactions, many critics seeing an endorsement of violence as redemption, and the film as fascist celebration of violence and vigilantism, while others see it as anti-violence, noting the bleak ending consequent to the violence. [18] Director Peckinpah defended Straw Dogs as an exploration, not an endorsement, of violence, that was purging him of obsessions with violence resulting from human inability to communicate; that David is the story's true villain — deliberately, yet subconsciously, provoking the violence, his concluding homicidal rampage is his true self. [19]

Straw Dogs remains a critic- and audience-dividing film, though detractors have admitted that its importance and artistry make it modern classic American film, one of director Sam Peckinpah's greatest works.[5]

[edit] Censorship

In 1984, Straw Dogs gained more notoriety in the UK after the British Board of Film Classification banned it per the newly-introduced Video Recordings Act, because of Amy Sumner's violent rape. [20] The studio edited the scene before releasing the film in the U.S., to earn R rating from the MPAA. [21] In 1999, Straw Dogs again was refused a licence, because the distributors refused to cut the rape scene; on the 1st of July of 2002, Straw Dogs finally was certified unedited for video tape and DVD. [22]

[edit] The remake

Straw Dogs might be remade in 2009, because of actor Edward Norton's interest; rumoured director is John Polson.[citation needed]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Internet Movie Database, Straw Dogs. imdb.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-23.
  2. ^ Weddle, David (1994). "If They Move...Kill 'Em!". Grove Press, 399-400. ISBN 0-8021-3776-8. 
  3. ^ Simmons, Garner (1982). Peckinpah, A Portrait in Montage. University of Texas Press, 137-138. ISBN 0-292-76493-6. 
  4. ^ Salon.com article, "Eyes Opening Up" by Michael Sragow. salon.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-24.
  5. ^ a b Weddle, David (1994). "If They Move...Kill 'Em!". Grove Press, 12. ISBN 0-8021-3776-8. 
  6. ^ Internet Movie Database, Sam Peckinpah. imdb.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-23.
  7. ^ Weddle, David (1994). "If They Move...Kill 'Em!". Grove Press, 391-393. ISBN 0-8021-3776-8. 
  8. ^ Weddle, David (1994). "If They Move...Kill 'Em!". Grove Press, 402-403. ISBN 0-8021-3776-8. 
  9. ^ Weddle, David (1994). "If They Move...Kill 'Em!". Grove Press, 396-397. ISBN 0-8021-3776-8. 
  10. ^ Internet Movie Database, Filming locations for Straw Dogs. imdb.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-23.
  11. ^ Weddle, David (1994). "If They Move...Kill 'Em!". Grove Press, 403. ISBN 0-8021-3776-8. 
  12. ^ Simmons, Garner (1982). Peckinpah, A Portrait in Montage. University of Texas Press, 125. ISBN 0-292-76493-6. 
  13. ^ Weddle, David (1994). "If They Move...Kill 'Em!". Grove Press, 410. ISBN 0-8021-3776-8. 
  14. ^ Simmons, Garner (1982). Peckinpah, A Portrait in Montage. University of Texas Press, 126. ISBN 0-292-76493-6. 
  15. ^ Weddle, David (1994). "If They Move...Kill 'Em!". Grove Press, 399-400. ISBN 0-8021-3776-8. 
  16. ^ Weddle, David (1994). "If They Move...Kill 'Em!". Grove Press, 426-428. ISBN 0-8021-3776-8. 
  17. ^ Weddle, David (1994). "If They Move...Kill 'Em!". Grove Press, 399-400. ISBN 0-8021-3776-8. 
  18. ^ Simmons, Garner (1982). Peckinpah, A Portrait in Montage. University of Texas Press, 137-138. ISBN 0-292-76493-6. 
  19. ^ Simmons, Garner (1982). Peckinpah, A Portrait in Montage. University of Texas Press, 137-138. ISBN 0-292-76493-6. 
  20. ^ Internet Movie Database, Trivia for Straw Dogs. imdb.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-23.
  21. ^ Simmons, Garner (1982). Peckinpah, A Portrait in Montage. University of Texas Press, 137. ISBN 0-292-76493-6. 
  22. ^ Internet Movie Database, Straw Dogs. imdb.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-23.

[edit] External links

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Films directed by Sam Peckinpah