Sterculiaceae

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Sterculiaceae
Firmiana simplex
Firmiana simplex
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malvales
Family: Sterculiaceae (disputed)
Genera

See text.

Sterculiaceae is a botanical name for a group of flowering plants at the rank of family and, as is true for any botanical name, the circumscription, status and placement of the taxon varies with taxonomic point of view. The family name is based on the genus Sterculia.

As traditionally circumscribed the Sterculiaceae, Malvaceae, Bombacaceae, and Tiliaceae comprise the "core Malvales" of the Cronquist system and the close relationship among these families is generally recognized. Sterculiaceae may be separated from Malvaceae sensu stricto by the smooth surface of the pollen grains and the bilocular anthers.

Numerous phylogenetic studies have revealed that Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae and Bombacaceae as traditionally defined are cladistically polyphyletic and the current status of each of these families is in doubt. The APG and APG II-systems unite Bombacaceae, Malvaceae sensu stricto, Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae – the core Malvales of the Cronquist system – into a more widely circumscribed Malvaceae, i.e., Malvaceae sensu lato. In that view the taxa formerly classified in Sterculiaceae are treated in the subfamilies Byttnerioideae, Dombeyoideae, Helicteroideae and Sterculioideae of the Malvaceae sensu lato. The Thorne system takes an intermediate approach in combining the bulk of the traditional Sterculiaceae (but not including Sterculia itself) with elements of the traditional Tiliaceae to form the family Byttneriaceae.

Sterculiaceae has traditionally been recognized as a family by most systematists and it remains to be seen whether the classifications of the APG, Thorne, or some other system are adopted. In its traditional sense the family includes about 70 genera, totalling around 1,500 species of tropical trees and shrubs. The most famous products of the family are chocolate and cocoa from Theobroma cacao, followed by cola nuts. Many species yield timber.

[edit] Genera

  • Hannafordia F.Muell.
  • Harmsia K.Schum.
  • Helicteres L.
  • Helmiopsiella Arenes
  • Helmiopsis H.Perrier
  • Heritiera Aiton
  • Hermannia L.
  • Herrania Goudot
  • Hildegardia Schott & Endl.
  • Keraudrenia J.Gay
  • Kleinhovia L.
  • Lasiopetalum Sm.
  • Leptonychia Turcz.
  • Leptonychiopsis Ridl.
  • Lysiosepalum F.Muell.
  • Mansonia J.R.Drumm. ex Prain
  • Maxwellia Baill.
  • Megatritheca Cristobal
  • Melhania Forssk.
  • Melochia L.
  • Neoregnellia Urb.
  • Nesogordonia Baill.
  • Octolobus Welw.

[edit] References

  • Whitlock, B. A., C. Bayer, and D. A. Baum. 2001. Phylogenetic Relationships and Floral Evolution of the Byttnerioideae ("Sterculiaceae" or Malvaceae s.l.) Based on Sequences of the Chloroplast Gene, ndhF. Systematic Botany 26: 420–437 (abstract online here).
  • Wilkie, P., Clark, A., Pennington, R. T., Cheek, M., Bayer, C. & Wilcock, C. C. (2006).Phylogenetic Relationships within the Subfamily Sterculioideae (Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae-Sterculieae) Using the Chloroplast Gene ndhF. Systematic Botany 31(1):160-170.
  • Sterculiaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards) The families of flowering plants: descriptions.
  • Malvaceae/Sterculiaceae - Sterculieae at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh