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Państwowe Gospodarstwo Rolne (State Farm, PGR) was a form of collective farming in People's Republic of Poland, similar to Soviet sovkhoz and to the East German Volkseigenes Gut. They were created in 1949 as a form of socialist ownership of agricultural land by the government. They were primary formed on the Regained Territories - lands that Poland acquired from Germany after the Second World War - but existed throughout Poland. Relatively inefficient and subsidized by government, most PGRs went bankrupt quickly after the fall of communism and adoption of market economy by Poland. Their land was taken over by Agency of Agricultural Lands (Agencja Nieruchomości Rolnych), and their workers - 300 to 450 thousands people - joined the ranks of unemployed. Due to PGRs being a significant - sometimes only - employer in certain rural ares, their fall led to visible problems in certain communities.
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- W. J. Stankiewicz, Socio-Economic Changes in Post-War Poland, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 71, No. 3 (Sep., 1956), pp. 387-406 JSTOR
